Bolsheviks

communism, national socialism, ultra-left communism.

North Caucasian Soviet Republic,
Ukrainian Soviet Republic,
Ukrainian People's Republic of Soviets,
Donetsk-Krivoy Rog Soviet Republic,
Odessa Soviet Republic,
Soviet Socialist Republic of Taurida,
Kyrgyz Autonomous Region,
Crimean Autonomous Socialist Soviet Republic,
Bessarabian Socialist Soviet Republic,
Don Soviet Republic,
Mountain Autonomous Socialist Soviet Republic,
Black Sea Soviet Republic,
Autonomous Socialist Soviet Republic of the Volga Germans,
Turkestan Autonomous Socialist Soviet Republic,
Mugan Soviet Republic,
Karelian Labor Commune,
Moldavian Autonomous Socialist Soviet Republic,
Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic,
Latvian Socialist Soviet Republic,
Partisan movement in the Altai province,
Siberian Revolutionary Committee,
Galician Socialist Soviet Republic,
Amur Socialist Soviet Republic,
French mutinous sailors,
Partisan movement in the Altai province,
Lithuanian-Belorussian Soviet Socialist Republic.

Provisional Revolutionary Committee of Poland,
anarcho-communists,
Türkiye,
Kazan Soviet Workers' and Peasants' Republic,
Finnish Socialist Workers' Republic,
Rudobelsk partisan republic,
Kaluga Soviet Republic,
Soviet Republic of Sailors and Builders,
Ruska Kraina,
Yelets Soviet Republic,
Gilan Soviet Socialist Republic,

Dekhan self-defense units,
Mongolian People's Republic,
Far Eastern Republic,
Hungarian Soviet Republic,
Slovak Soviet Republic,
Balkan Revolutionary Social Democratic Federation.

"Bolsheviks" was the name given to the group that won the majority in the elections to the Central Committee of the party after the Second Congress of the RSDLP[4]. The Bolsheviks sought to create a party of professional revolutionaries, while the Mensheviks feared the criminalization of the party and were inclined toward legitimate methods of fighting the autocracy (reformism). While remaining on the soil of Marxism, Bolshevism at the same time absorbed elements of the ideology and practice of the revolutionaries of the second half of the 19th century (S. G. Nechaev, P. N. Tkachev, N. G. Chernyshevsky) and had much in common with such domestic left-radical movements as populism and anarchism. The Bolsheviks used the experience of the Great French Revolution, especially the period of the Jacobin dictatorship; their leader V. I. Lenin contrasted the Bolshevik "Jacobins" with the Menshevik "Girondists"[1][5].

The actual split occurred in 1912, when Lenin refused to seek compromises with other currents in the RSDLP and broke with them. At the Prague Conference in January 1912 (its delegates were mainly Bolsheviks), the exclusion of the "liquidators" from the party, who were focused on building a legal party, was declared. The Bolsheviks effectively became an independent party. In 1913, the Bolshevik deputies of the State Duma left the united Social Democratic faction and formed an independent Duma faction[1]. The Bolsheviks finally separated into a separate party, the RSDLP(b) (the name of the party was not officially adopted at the congress or conference) in the spring of 1917. Unlike the Bolsheviks, who called themselves precisely that from the spring of 1917 until the 19th Congress of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks) (where the additional (b) in the names of the RCP(b) and the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks) parties meant the “Bolshevik” faction), the word “Mensheviks,” first used by Lenin in articles in 1905, was always informal—the party called itself simply the RSDLP, and from August 1917 to April 1918—the RSDLP (united).

A number of researchers characterize the Bolsheviks as a radical extremist political movement.