Dragon Ball (Goku is betrayed and imprisoned)

Saiyan: It is a race of enormous potential and many transformations to enhance sub-power in base state, even being able to use the Ki of the Gods or equal their power with their racial transformations.

Namekians: They are a race that has, so to speak, "Clans": the Warrior Class, who are the ones who fight, and the Dragon Clan, who are the ones who control magic and create the Dragon Balls. They don't possess great potential, but they are strong and also have very good regeneration.

Kaios and Supreme Kaios: both are born from a tree; the Kaios are born from normal red apples, and they are the guardians of the galaxies; the Supreme Kaioshins are born from golden apples, and they are in charge of creating life on the planets.

Angels: They are a race that guides and protects their designated Gods of Destruction, possessing great power from birth and even being born with Ultra Instinct automatically.

Gods of Destruction (Although it's more of a title than a race as such): They are the ones in charge of maintaining the balance of their respective universe by eliminating threats that could endanger the integrity of their universe

I'm going to skip the obvious and go straight to the important stuff.

Universe divided into 4 sections: North, South, East and West Galaxy.
In Dragon Ball, the universes are divided into four large galaxies, each containing smaller galaxies within them. Each galaxy is guarded by a Kai, such as the North Galaxy, guarded by our beloved and chubby North Kai (the one who taught Goku the Spirit Bomb and the Kaioken). These universes also have two supreme authorities: the Supreme Kai, who is in charge of creating planets and races, and the God of Destruction, who is responsible for maintaining balance in the universe by destroying planets and races that threaten that balance.

Multiverse.
There are a variety of 12 universes in the Dragon Ball cosmology; the 12 universes each have a twin universe. If two universes add up to 13, like universes 6 and 7, they are identified as twin universes.

Beyond
Hell: This is the place where evil souls like those of Frieza, Cell, or other Dragon Ball villains went. A machine is used to purify the evil from that soul so that it can reincarnate in a new body.

Paradise: This is mainly about people going to paradise to reincarnate (I don't really know how it works, so this is how I think it works)
I don't know if that afterlife is for all 12 universes or if each universe has its own afterlife; I don't know that.

Ki.
Ki is the vital energy used primarily in Dragon Ball. It can be expelled in balls or bursts of Ki to create attacks, and it can also be manipulated to fly, use telekinesis, teleport, and for a variety of other very useful purposes.

Magic.
This isn't a major element and isn't very well known, but magic can be used in Dragon Ball, as Babidi or Moro did; not much is known about it.