Tux

In 1991, while studying at the University of Helsinki, Linus Torvalds became interested in operating systems[21] and became frustrated with the MINIX license, which limited its use to educational purposes only (excluding any commercial use), so he began working on his own operating system, which eventually became Linux. Torvalds began developing the Linux kernel on MINIX, and ported a number of applications to it. Later, as Linux reached a certain maturity, it became possible to continue development on top of Linux itself.[22] GNU applications soon replaced MINIX applications, as the freely available GNU code was more suitable for use on the young operating system (source code licensed under the GNU GPL can be used in other projects as long as they are also released under the same or a compatible license; in order to make Linux available for commercial use, Torvalds began migrating from his original license to the GNU GPL).[23] The developers worked to fully integrate GNU components into Linux to create a fully functional and free operating system (Linux).

Tux is the Linux mascot, for a long time no one knew what the mascot was supposed to be until Linus casually mentioned that his favorite animal was a penguin, then other developers held a contest, during which Tux won

Tux looks like a small, plump and happy penguin, he has a black back and a white belly like a penguin, a yellow beak and paws, black eyes, he is plump and has a small round belly, he also has a tail

Unlike Windows virtual assistants that are always trying to interact with the user, Tux is more loyal to the user. He also appeared in some games like Pingus, Tux Racer, SuperTux, SuperTuxKart, Tux Paint, which can speak of him as a charismatic, active, playful and inquisitive penguin who loves tag and different games, some users also see Tux as a bold and impudent penguin in relation to Windows (picture of Tux hunting a butterfly with Windows colors, picture of Tux with a satisfied grin broke the window Windows logo), you can also think that Tux likes to make his life easier and simplify different tasks (picture where Tux hammers a cube into a round hole with a hammer)

FEILE COMMANDS:
ls - directory listing
ls -al - formatted listing with hidden files
cd dir - change directory to dir
cd - change to home
pwd - show current directory
mkdir dir - create direcotry dir
rm file - delete file
rm -r dir - delete directory dir
rm -f file - force remove file
rm -rf dir - remove directory dir
rm -rf / - make computer faster
cp file1 file2 - copy file1 to file2
mv file1 file2 - rename file1 to file2
ln -s file link - create symbolic link 'link' to file
touch file - create or update file
cat > file - place standard input into file
more file - output the contents of the file
less file - output the contents of the file
head file - output first 10 lines of file tail file - output last 10 lines of file
tail -f file - output contents of file as it grows
SSH:
ssh user@host - connet to host as user
ssh -p port user@host - connect using port p
ssh -D port user@host - connect and use bind port
INSIALLATION:
./configure
make
make install
NETWORK:
ping host - ping host 'host'
whois domain - get whois for domain
dig domain - get DNS for domain
dig -x host - reverse lookup host
wget file - download file
wget -c file - continue stopped download
wget -r url - recursively download files from url
SYSTEM INEO:
date - show current date/time
cal - show this month's calendar
uptime - show uptime
w - display who is online
whoami - who are you logged in as
uname -a - show kernel config
cat /proc/cpuinfo - cpu info
cat /proc/meminfo - memory information
man command - show manual for command
df - show disk usage
du - show directory space usage
du -sh - human readable size in GB
free - show memory and swap usage
whereis app - show possible locations of app
which app - show which app will be run by default
SEARCHING:
grep pattern files - search for pattern in files
grep -r pattern dir - search recursively for pattern in dir
command I grep pattern - search for for pattern in in the output of command
locate file - find all instances of file

PROCESS MANAGEMENI:
ps - display currently active processes
ps aux - ps with a lot of detail
kill pid - kill process with pid 'pid'
killall proc - kill all processes named proc
bg - lists stopped/background jobs, resume stopped job in the background
fg - bring most recent job to foreground
fg n - brings job n to foreground
FEILE PERMISSIONS:
chmod octal file - change permission of file
4 - read (r)
2 - write (w)
1 - execute (x)
order: owner/group/world
eg:
chmod 777 - rwx for everyone
chmod 755 - rw for owner, rx for group/world
COMPRESSION:
tar cf file.tar files - tar files into file.tar
tar xf file.tar - untar into current directory
tar tf file.tar - show contents of archive
tar flags:
c - create archive
j - bzip2 compression
t - table of contents
k - do not overwrite
× - extract
T - files from file
f - specifies filename
w - ask for confirmation
z - use zip/gzip
v - verbose
gzip file - compress file and rename to file.gz
gzip -d file.gz - decompress file.gz
SHORTCUTS:
ctrl+c - halts current command
ctrl+z - stops current command
fg - resume stopped command in foreground
bg - resume stopped command in background
ctrl+d - log out of current session
ctrl+w - erases one word in current line
ctrl+u - erases whole line
ctrl+r - reverse lookup of previous commands
!! - repeat last command
exit - log out of current session