drone danger

• the atmosphere with a sonorous, air-tearing crackle is turned on by the main engine.

4. Aerial bomb: AN602 "Tsar Bomba" (Historical standard of super-powerful weapons)

• Name: AN602 (also known as "Kuzka's mother" or Big Ivan).
• Type of basing: Free-fall aerial bomb (the carrier was a modified Tu-95V strategic bomber).
• Dimensions and shape: Length – 8.0 m, diameter – 2.1 m, weight – 26.5 tons. A huge teardrop-shaped cigar-shaped structure with a massive tail. Due to the weight of the bomb, the bomb bay doors had to be cut out from the carrier aircraft.
• What it consists of: Steel multi-layer durable body. Three-stage hydrogen (thermonuclear) bomb. It is equipped with a unique five-dome parachute system with a total area of 1600 square meters to slow down the fall and allow the aircraft to fly a safe distance (~45 km) before the explosion.
• Power: 58.6 megatons (the most powerful explosive device ever tested by mankind; the charge was halved from the design 100 Mt for radiation safety reasons).
• Sound: The jettison itself is silent, but the explosion at an altitude of 4000 meters generated a sound wave that circled the globe three times. At a distance of hundreds of kilometers, it was felt as an incessant, pressing rumble of apocalyptic force on the eardrums, accompanied by a powerful rumble from the shudder of the earth's crust.

🇮🇱 Israel: Hetz-3 / Arrow-3 (Exoatmospheric Interceptor)

• Name: Hetz-3 (Arrow-3).
• Country of origin: Israel (Israel Aerospace Industries) together with the United States (Boeing).
• Caliber and dimensions: Length - about 7 m. Two-stage missile with a removable warhead. Outwardly, it looks like a thin needle with a thickening in the lower part (acceleration stage). It is based in modular container trailers.
• What it consists of (materials): Composite structures, high-temperature alloys. It is equipped with a unique detachable warhead (interceptor) with a deflected thrust vector - miniature rocket engines that allow the missile to maneuver sharply in airless space (space).
• Interception range and altitude:
• Range: up to 2400 km.
• Altitude (ceiling): up to 100+ km (purely space, extraatmospheric interception of medium- and long-range ballistic missiles).
• Projectiles and Warhead: Also uses the Hit-to-Kill principle. The module separated in space, with the help of optical sensors, captures the target, calculates the trajectory and crashes into the enemy warhead at a total speed of approach up to Mach 20-25.
• Sound: A dull, reverberating pop as it exits the container, turning into a powerful but rapidly receding hum of the first stage. Since most of the work and maneuvering takes place in the deep vacuum of space, there the rocket moves in absolute, ominous silence.

🇺🇸 United States: THAAD (Terminal High Altitude Area Defense)

• Name: THAAD (Terminal High Altitude Area Defense).
• Country of origin: USA (Lockheed Martin Space Systems).
• Caliber and dimensions: Caliber (diameter) - 340 mm, length - 6.17 m. Shape - elongated, cylindrical, with an expanding launch accelerator in the tail and a pointed fairing on the nose. It is mounted on an Oshkosh heavy truck (8x8) carrying a package of 8 missiles.
• What it consists of (materials): Aviation titanium, carbon fiber composites. On board is a sophisticated infrared homing head (IR-CNS), which is cooled with liquid indium to "see" the heat of the flying warhead against the background of cold space.
• Interception range and altitude:
• Range: up to 200 km.
• Altitude (ceiling): from 40 to 150 km (interception occurs at the boundary of the atmosphere and space).
• Projectiles and Warhead: The main feature is Hit-to-Kill. The missile does not have explosives in the warhead. It destroys an enemy ballistic missile due to the pure kinetic energy of a direct hit ("bullet to bullet") on a collision course. The weight of the interceptor is 90 kg.
• Sound: Snappy, dry, whistling start. The missile "jumps" out of the launch container, after which the solid-propellant engine turns on with a characteristic hissing roar. The flight is accompanied by a high, ultrasonic whistle, which quickly subsides, as the rocket instantly goes into the rarefied layers of the atmosphere.

🇷🇺 Russia: A-235 "Nudol" / PRS-1M (Strategic missile defense of Moscow and the central region)

• Name: A-235 "Nudol" (development of the A-135 system) with PRS-1M (53T6M) anti-missiles.
• Country of origin: Russia (Almaz-Antey Air and Space Defence Concern).
• Caliber and dimensions: The diameter of the anti-missile is about 1.0 m, the length is about 12 meters. The shape of the rocket is a narrow, perfectly smooth cone without protruding wings. The launcher is an underground mine (silo) or mobile multi-axle chassis.
• What it consists of (materials): Ultra-strong titanium alloys and composite carbon materials. The body is covered with a special heat-shielding layer, since when moving in the atmosphere at high speed, the rocket heats up to thousands of degrees and literally glows in flight.
• Interception range and altitude:
• Range: from 100 to 300+ km (allows you to intercept targets in near Earth orbit).
• Altitude (ceiling): from 5 km to 50-100+ km (stratosphere and near space).
• Projectiles and Warhead: A highly maneuverable solid-propellant anti-missile. The warhead can be both special (nuclear) low power to guarantee the destruction of a cloud of warheads in space, and high-explosive fragmentation with directional detonation.
• Speed and Dynamics: The fastest rocket in the world. The flight speed exceeds 4 km/s (more than Mach 12-14). The rocket experiences colossal overloads (more than 100 G), reaching maximum speed in just a few seconds after launch.
• Sound: Terrifying in strength, sharp and deafening explosive roar when starting from the mine ("shooting" the cover and instantly starting the engine). Due to the hypersonic speed in the atmosphere, the missile leaves behind a continuous, air-tearing thunderous crack, similar to an incessant peal of lightning.

🇮🇱 Israel: PULS (Universal Modular Missile System)

• Name: PULS (Precise & Universal Launching System).
• Country of origin: Israel (Elbit Systems).
• Caliber: An absolutely omnivorous modular complex. Holds 2 containers, which are equipped with missiles of your choice: AccuLAR-122 (122 mm, 36 missiles), AccuLAR-160 (160 mm, 20 missiles), EXTRA (306 mm, 8 missiles) or Predator Hawk (370 mm, 4 missiles).
• Dimensions and shape: In fact, this is a high-tech launch module that can be mounted on any 6x6 or 8x8 truck chassis (e.g. MAN, TATRA or IVECO base). The appearance depends on the carrier truck, but the launcher is always a compact swivel frame, where an automatic crane loads two rectangular cassette containers.
• What it consists of (materials): Structural steel of the carriage, a digital fully automatic fire control system integrated with satellite reconnaissance and drones. The computer itself recognizes the type of loaded container and calculates ballistics.
• Firing range:
• AccuLAR ranets (122/160 mm): up to 35-40 km.
• EXTRA missiles (306 mm): up to 150 km.
• Predator Hawk missiles (370 mm): up to 300 km.
• Shells and Warhead (BC): All missiles of the Israeli PULS system are high-precision by default (correct the trajectory in flight using gas-dynamic rudders).
• EXTRA (306 mm): the weight of the missile is 570 kg, the warhead weighs 120 kg (high-explosive fragmentation or penetrating). Hit accuracy - a circular deviation of less than 10 meters at a distance of 150 km.
• Predator Hawk: The warhead weighs 140 kg, designed to destroy critical objects (bridges, communication centers, airfields) in the depth of enemy defenses.
• Sound: Snappy, whistling, "high-tech" start. As the missiles come out of the insulated pressurized capsules, the initial pop is partially muffled by the body of the container, after which a growing, steady whistle of the solid-propellant engine is heard, quickly turning into an ultrasonic hiss as the cancer is picked up

🇨🇳 China: PHL-16 / PCL-191 (World's longest-range MLRS)

• Name: PHL-16 (export name AR3).
• Country of origin: China (NORINCO).
• Caliber: Modular system. Can carry 2 packs of 5 370 mm rockets, or 2 packs of 4 300 mm rockets, or 2 Fire Dragon 480 ballistic missiles of 750 mm caliber.
• Dimensions and shape: A giant eight-wheeled vehicle (8x8) weighing about 45 tons. The length is more than 12 meters. It is equipped with a massive twin box-type launch platform, where two replaceable pressurized transport and launch containers are installed.
• What it consists of (materials): Heavy all-wheel drive chassis with high cross-country ability, armored cabin with a built-in filtration system against radiation and chemical threats. The launch containers are made of reinforced plastic and aluminum, the missiles are stored in them for years in factory lubrication.
• Firing range:
• 300 mm caliber: up to 130 km.
• 370 mm caliber (Fire Dragon 280 missiles): up to 280-300 km.
• 750 mm caliber (Fire Dragon 480 tactical missile): up to 360-500 km (actually performs the functions of an operational-tactical missile system).
• Projectiles and Warhead: 370 mm missiles use combined guidance (satellite GPS/Beidou + inertial, laser or optical in the final section). The weight of the warhead is from 150 to 250 kg. Types of warheads: high-explosive, incendiary, penetrating (to destroy underground bunkers) and cluster with cumulative-fragmentation submunitions to destroy tank columns.
• Sound: Deafening, low, rumbling rumble, reminiscent of the launch of a space launch vehicle in miniature. The huge volume of burning solid fuel creates a thick smoke screen around the car and shakes the air so that the sound plugs the ears even with closed headphones half a kilometer from the position.

🇺🇸 USA: M142 HIMARS (High Mobility Artillery Rocket System)

• Name: M142 HIMARS (High Mobility Artillery Rocket System).
• Country of origin: USA (Lockheed Martin).
• Caliber: 227 mm (for standard missiles) or 610 mm (for operational-tactical missiles). The package holds either 6 standard GMLRS guided missiles, 1 ATACMS ballistic missile, or 2 latest PrSM missiles.
• Dimensions and shape: Length - 7.0 m, width - 2.4 m, height - 3.2 m. Lightweight and compact system based on a three-axle FMTV truck. Instead of separate pipes, a single quick-change rectangular transport and launch cassette container (armored box) is used. In the bow there is an angular armored cabin for a crew of 3 people.
• What it consists of (materials): Truck chassis with aluminum and steel armor. The missile cassette is made of lightweight composites and aluminum. Reloading takes place without a transport-loading vehicle: HIMARS pulls out a built-in winch with paws from the container, picks up a new cassette from the ground and pulls it inside in 5 minutes.
• Firing range:
• GMLRS (M30/M31) guided missiles: up to 84-92 km.
• ATACMS ballistic missile: up to 300 km.
• The latest PrSM (Precision Strike Missile) missile: from 500 km.
• Projectiles and Warhead (BC):
• GMLRS M31 (unitary): missile weight - 302 kg. The warhead weighs 91 kg (contains about 23 kg of PBXN-109 explosives) and is optimized for pinpoint strikes on buildings and headquarters (GPS guidance, the circular probable deviation is less than 5 meters).
• GMLRS M30A1 (alternative warhead): filled with 182,000 tungsten balls, which, when detonated in the air, literally mow down everything alive and unarmored in an area the size of several football fields.
• Sound: Very sharp, whistling, "reactive" start. The rocket comes off the guide in a fraction of a second with a characteristic dry hiss and crackle of solid fuel, instantly going into the sky along a steep trajectory. The sound is clear, without a long metallic clank, turning into a high hiss in the upper atmosphere.

🇷🇺 Russia: 9K515 "Tornado-S" (Deep modernization of the legendary "Smerch")

• Name: 9K515 "Tornado-S".
• Country of origin: Russia (developer – SPLAV Research and Production Association).
• Caliber: 300 mm (number of guides - 12 pipes).
• Dimensions and shape: A huge combat vehicle based on the four-axle KamAZ-63501 (or MZKT) truck. The length is about 12.4 m, the width is 3.1 m, the height is 3.3 m. The shape is aggressive: an armored cabin in front, and in the rear there is a massive rotary package of 12 long tubular guides with characteristic screw grooves for twisting missiles at launch.
• What it consists of (materials): All-terrain chassis, rail package made of high-strength structural steel. The onboard equipment includes the Uspekh-R automated fire control system (ACS) with secure digital communication and satellite navigation.
• Firing range:
• Standard unguided missiles: up to 70-90 km.
• New high-precision guided missiles: up to 120 km (variants up to 200 km are being developed).
• Shells and Warhead: Shells 7.6 meters long and weighing about 820 kg each.
• High-explosive fragmentation warhead (9M528): the warhead weighs 258 kg (of which 95 kg is a powerful explosive), leaving a crater up to 5 meters deep after the explosion.
• Cluster Warhead (9M55K): contains 72 submunitions, each filled with fragments capable of penetrating light armor. One complete "covering" with a package burns an area of up to 67 hectares.
• Guided projectiles (9M542): guided by GLONASS/GPS, have deployable rudder wings in the nose for flight correction.
• Sound: Incredibly heavy, reverberating, deafening roar. When fired in a volley, powder gases burst back with colossal force, creating a bass "growl" and whistle that shakes buildings within a radius of several kilometers. The flight of the missile resembles the sound of a jet fighter flying at an ultra-low altitude.

🇮🇱 Israel: Keshet / Cardom (High-Tech Digital Mortar)

• Name: Cardom (Export) / Keshet (in the Israeli Army).
• Country of origin: Israel (Elbit Systems / Soltam).
• Caliber: 120 mm (or 81 mm in lightweight versions).
• Dimensions and shape: Integrated mortar system installed in the body of armored personnel carriers (M113, Stryker) or armored vehicles. From the outside, the car looks like an ordinary armored personnel carrier, but when firing, hatches open on the roof, from where the muzzle of a mortar is shown.
• What it consists of (materials): The barrel is made of high-strength steel, mounted on a special recoil system (dampers), which dampens 80% of the recoil energy so as not to destroy the body of the wheeled vehicle. It is equipped with a computer guidance system (FCS) and electric drives.
• Firing range: up to 7.2 – 8 km (depending on the type of mine).
• Projectiles and Warhead: Uses any standard NATO 120mm mines, but the Israeli specificity is the use of Iron Sting guided mines. Such a mine is guided by laser and GPS, weighs about 14 kg and hits the target accurately with a deviation of less than 1 meter. The warhead is optimized for piercing concrete and brick walls (about 2.5 kg of powerful low-sensitivity explosive).
• Sound: Deaf, blurred. Since the mortar is rigidly fixed inside the armored hull on hydraulic shock absorbers, there is almost no metal clank. Outside, a dense, heavy "fluff" is heard, accompanied by the emission of a cloud of powder gases over the vehicle.

🇫🇷 France: MO-120-RT (Rifled Long-Range Mortar)

• Name: MO-120-RT (Mortier de 120 mm Rayé Tracté).
• Country of origin: France (Thales / Nexter).
• Caliber: 120 mm (unique in that it is rifled).
• Dimensions and shape: Barrel length - 2.08 m, weight in firing position - 582 kg.
• What it consists of (materials): Specially hardened gun steel (to withstand pressure in the rifled barrel), titanium elements in the carriage mounting points. Right rifling is made inside the barrel.
• Firing range:
• Standard rifled mine: up to 8.1 km.
• Active rocket mine (PRPA): up to 13 km (record for 120 mm mortars).
• Projectiles and Warhead: Projectiles have ready-made protrusions on the drive belt, which are aligned with the barrel rifling when loading. The PR14 high-explosive fragmentation mine weighs 18.7 kg (the warhead contains 4.2 kg of explosives). Due to the rotation in flight, the mine falls strictly vertically, which increases the radius of destruction by fragments.
• Sound: More "dry" and biting compared to smoothbore mortars. Due to the rifling and tight fit of the mine to the walls of the barrel, powder gases come out with a characteristic reactive "zilch-strike". The flight of the mine is accompanied by a high, vibrating whistle (like an artillery shell) due to rotation.

🇺🇸 United States: M120 / M121 (Main Battalion Mortar)

• Name: M120 (Towed) / M121 (M1064 Armoured Personnel Carrier Version)
• Country of origin: USA (developed by the Israeli company Soltam).
• Caliber: 120 mm.
• Dimensions and shape: Barrel length - 1.76 m. The classic "polygon" scheme: a smooth barrel resting on a two-legged carriage and a round base plate with lugs.
• What it consists of (materials): High-strength alloy steel (barrel and plate), aluminum alloys (two-legged carriage elements to reduce weight). The barrel is smooth, without rifling.
• Firing range:
• Minimum: 200 m.
• Maximum (standard mine): up to 7.2 km.
• With additional jet booster: up to 9.5 km.
• Shells and Warhead (BC): Feathered mines. The M934 high-explosive fragmentation mine weighs 14.1 kg, its warhead is filled with 3.1 kg of Composition B explosive (a mixture of RDX and TNT). The body of the mine is made of brittle cast iron or steel for efficient fragmentation. Smoke (phosphorus) and illumination mines are also used. Muzzle-loading loading (the mine is lowered into the barrel from the front).
• Sound: A sharp, sonorous and very strong "bang-bang", similar to the explosion of a huge firecracker, which instantly turns into a clear echo. At medium distances, the flight of the mine is accompanied by a characteristic "rustling" or "hissing" sound.

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🇷🇺 Russia: 2S4 "Tulip" (The most powerful self-propelled mortar in the world)

• Name: 2S4 "Tulip".
• Country of origin: USSR / Russia.
• Caliber: 240 mm.
• Dimensions and shape: Length in stowed position - 6.45 m, width - 3.25 m, height - 3.2 m. Massive tracked armored vehicle. In the firing position, the huge barrel is tilted back and rests on a heavy round base plate lying directly on the ground.
• What it consists of (materials): The chassis is made of rolled armor steel (protection against bullets and shrapnel). The barrel is heavy-duty thick-walled gun steel. The base plate is massive forged steel that can withstand tremendous recoil. Loading is carried out from the breech using hydraulic drives.
• Firing range:
• Conventional mine: up to 9.6 km.
• Active-rocket mine: up to 19.6 km.
• Shells and Warhead (BC): Uses huge mines weighing from 130 to 228 kg. The main high-explosive mine 53-F-864 weighs 130.7 kg (the warhead contains 32 kg of TNT). The 3F2 active-reactive mine weighs 228 kg (warhead - 46 kg of explosive). Laser-guided mines "Daredevil" and cluster mines are also used.
• Sound: Deafening, womb, low-frequency underground hum. When shot, the ground within a radius of tens of meters shudders noticeably. Due to the huge caliber, the sound is not biting, but resembles a powerful close explosion, leaving a long vibrating plume in the air. In flight, the mine emits a heavy, growing bass whistle-rumble.

🇫🇷 France: CAESAR (Wheeled Self-Propelled Howitzer)

• Name: CAESAR (Camion Équipé d'un Système d'Artillerie).
• Country of origin: France (Nexter / KNDS).
• Caliber: 155 mm (barrel length - 52 calibers).
• Dimensions and shape: Length - 10 m, width - 2.55 m, height - 3.7 m. The gun is mounted openly on the rear of an all-wheel drive truck (6x6 or 8x8) with an armored cab in front. The shape is elongated, the wheelbase makes it very mobile.
• What it consists of (materials): Truck chassis (Renault Sherpa or Tatra), cab made of steel armor with the addition of composite materials. The carriage and mechanisms of the gun are made of high-strength steel.
• Firing range:
• High-explosive fragmentation projectile: up to 32-34 km.
• ERFB projectile (with improved aerodynamics): up to 42 km.
• Active-rocket projectile: up to 50 km.
• Projectiles and Warhead (BC): Compatible with all ammunition of the NATO standard 155 mm. The main projectile of the LU 211 weighs 43.9 kg (the warhead contains about 8.8 kg of low-sensitivity explosive XF). There are BONUS cluster shells (with two high-precision anti-tank elements).
• Sound: A sharp, ear-pounding whistling pop. Since the gun stands on an open car chassis and does not have a heavy turret to absorb the resonance, the sound is carried "clearly" and harshly in all directions.

🇩🇪 Germany: PzH 2000 (Panzerhaubitze 2000)

• Name: PzH 2000.
• Country of origin: Germany (Krauss-Maffei Wegmann).
• Caliber: 155 mm (barrel length - 52 caliber, which provides a huge muzzle velocity).
• Dimensions and shape: Length with gun - 11.7 m, width - 3.6 m, height - 3.1 m. Heavy, fully enclosed tracked self-propelled gun of a futuristic appearance with a massive long rifled barrel.
• What it consists of (materials): Rolled steel armor with special rubber panels on the inside (anti-fragmentation lining). The barrel has a chrome-plated bore for durability and plasma hardening. The automatic loader is made of light alloys and composites.
• Firing range:
• Standard projectile: up to 30-36 km.
• Projectile with bottom gas generator: up to 40-47 km.
• Experimental active-reactive (V-LAP): up to 56-67 km.
• Projectiles and Warhead (BC): Uses the entire range of NATO shells (155 mm). L15A2 projectile (weight 43.5 kg, warhead - 11.3 kg of Composition B composition). SMArt 155 cluster munitions are also used (containing two self-aiming submunitions to destroy tanks from above).
• Sound: A deep, reverberating, deafening "explosive" bang when fired. Due to the long trunk, gases escape under tremendous pressure, creating a heavy vibration of the soil under your feet within a radius of 100 meters.

🇺🇸 USA: M777 (Towed howitzer)

• Name: M777 (A1/A2 modifications).
• Country of origin: Developed in the UK (BAE Systems), manufactured for the US Army.
• Caliber: 155 mm (barrel length - 39 calibers).
• Dimensions and shape: In the combat position, the length is 10.2 m, in the travel position - 9.5 m. Weight is only 4.2 tons. The shape is laconic, open: the barrel is on a low titanium carriage (beds) with hydraulic mechanisms. Due to its low weight, it is called "ultra-light".
• What it consists of (materials): The main feature is the widespread use of titanium alloys and aluminum, which reduced the weight of the weapon by half compared to its predecessors. The barrel is made of special gun steel.
• Firing range:
• Standard M107 projectile: up to 24.7 km.
• Projectile with bottom gas generator (M549A1): up to 30 km.
• High-precision guided M982 Excalibur: up to 40 km.
• Shells and Warhead (BC): Separate cartridge loading (projectile separately, charges in silk bags). The main HEF of the M107 weighs 43.2 kg (warhead - 6.8 kg of TNT). The high-precision Excalibur has a warhead weighing 22 kg (multicomponent explosive) and is guided by GPS.
• Sound: A very "dry", biting and sonorous click from behind the muzzle brake, turning into a rumbling rumble. At a distance, the projectile in flight emits a characteristic rustling or whistling sound, similar to tearing dense fabric.

🇷🇺 Russia: 2S19 "Msta-S" (Self-propelled howitzer)

• Name: 2S19 "Msta-S" (modifications M1/M2).
• Country of origin: USSR / Russia.
• Caliber: 152.4 mm (barrel length - 47 calibers).
• Dimensions and shape: Length with gun forward - 11.9 m, width - 3.38 m, height - 3.35 m.
• What it consists of (materials): Hull and turret - rolled armor steel (protection against bullets and shrapnel). The barrel is high-strength gun steel with chrome plating on the inside to reduce wear. The tracts and chassis are structural steel and rubber elements.
• Firing range:
• Conventional high-explosive fragmentation (HEF): up to 24.7 km.
• Active-rocket projectile (ARS): up to 29-30 km.
• Guided projectile "Krasnopol": up to 20-25 km.
• Shells and Warhead (BC): Separate-case loading (projectile + powder charge in the case). It uses HEF (3OF45 and others weighing ~43.5 kg, warhead contains about 7.6 kg of TNT or hexal), cluster shells, Krasnopol corrected (laser guidance, warhead - 6.4 kg of explosives), smoke and illumination.
• Sound: A deafening, sharp, metallic pop with a deep, low-frequency rumble (bass) that extends for kilometers. When shooting in a closed space or close, a powerful sound and shock wave is felt, hitting the ears and chest.

🇺🇸 United States•

Arleigh Burke-class destroyer:
• Type: Guided missile destroyer (the most massive warship in the United States).
• Appearance and figure: Length – 155 meters. It has a powerful, swift silhouette. The main exterior feature is the four flat octagonal panels of the Aegis AN/SPY-1 radar, mounted directly into the walls of the bow superstructure. The deck is dotted with flat covers of Mk41 vertical launch cells.
• Colors: Light Ocean Gray.
• Armament: Up to 90-96 missile cells (Tomahawk cruise missiles, SM-2/SM-6 anti-aircraft missiles, ASROC anti-submarine missiles), one 127 mm cannon.
• Speed and range: Speed - more than 30 knots (56 km/h); cruising range - 4800 miles.
• Manufacturer: USA.

🇷🇺 Russia

• Project 22350 frigate (Admiral Gorshkov class):
• Type: 1st rank multipurpose guided missile frigate.
• Appearance and figure: Large gunship (135 meters long). The hull and superstructures are made using stealth technologies (smooth inclined panels without protruding corners to reduce radar visibility). In the bow of the deck there are flat covers of vertical launch silos. At the top of the mast there is a glazed pyramid of the main radar "Poliment".
• Colors: Ball (naval gray), the lower part of the hull below the waterline is dark red.
• Armament: 130-mm A-192 artillery mount, universal complex for 16-24 missiles (hypersonic "Zircon", cruise "Caliber", anti-ship "Onyx"), air defense system "Poliment-Redut".
• Speed and endurance: Speed – 29 knots (54 km/h); autonomy of navigation - 30 days.
• Manufacturer: Russia (Severnaya Verf).
• Project 636.3 Varshavyanka submarine:
• Type: Long-range diesel-electric submarine (SSK).
• Appearance and figure: It has a streamlined teardrop shape ("cigar"). A long narrow cabin rises from the top in the center (fencing of retractable devices - periscopes and antennas). Due to the special rubber anti-sonar coating of the hull and extremely quiet running, it was nicknamed the "Black Hole" in the West.
• Colors: Completely charcoal black ⬛.
• Armament: 6 torpedo tubes of 533 mm caliber.
• Speed and autonomy: Submerged speed - 20 knots; Autonomy - 45 days. The diving depth is up to 300 meters.
• Manufacturer: Russia (Admiralty Shipyards).

🇺🇸 United States•

MIM-104 Patriot:
• Type: Long-range anti-aircraft missile system (SAM).
• Appearance and Figure: It is a dispersed complex. The most recognizable element is the M901 launcher. This is a heavy semi-trailer on which a rectangular "box" of 4 launch containers (for PAC-2 heavy missiles) or 16 small cells (for PAC-3 anti-missiles) is installed. Before starting, the box is hydraulically lifted at an angle of 38 degrees.
• Colors: Solid Color Desert Sand or NATO Green.
• Kill zone: Against ballistic targets – up to 20-25 km; for aircraft - up to 160 km. Altitude of destruction - up to 24 km.
• Base: Towed by heavy Oshkosh tractors.
• Manufacturer: USA.

🇩🇪 Germany

• Gepard SPAAG:
• Type: Self-propelled anti-aircraft gun (near zone).
• Appearance and figure: Tracked vehicle based on the Leopard 1 tank. On top is a large flat turret, on the sides of which two long Oerlikon automatic cannons with massive muzzle brakes are rigidly fixed. A rectangular radar antenna is installed on the back of the turret, which folds during the march.
• Colors: Olive green or tri-color camouflage.
• Gun and range: Two 35 mm cannons (rate of fire - 1100 rounds per minute). The effective range against air targets is up to 4 km. It is actively used to intercept low-flying Shahed drones.
• Speed and chassis: Speed up to 65 km/h (tracks).
• Manufacturer: Germany.

🇷🇺 Russia

• Pantsir-S1 / S2:
• Type: Short-range anti-aircraft missile-gun system (ZRPK).
• Appearance and figure: Mounted on a four-axle chassis of a KamAZ-6560 truck. A giant rotating turret-module is installed at the rear. On the sides of the turret there are two blocks of 6 anti-aircraft missiles (12 in total), and closer to the center there are two twin 30-mm automatic cannons. On the roof of the module, the arrays of detection and tracking radars rotate.
• Colours: Protective green, grey or arctic white.
• Kill zone: Missiles - up to 20 km in range and 15 km in height; cannons - up to 4 km. Ideal for destroying small UAVs and quadcopters.
• Chassis speed: Up to 90 km/h.
• Manufacturer: Russia.

🇺🇸 United States•

HMMWV (Humvee) M1151:
• Type: Army armored off-road vehicle.
• Appearance and figure: Squat, very wide and square car. It has a flat hood and a windshield consisting of two bulletproof glass. A rotating turret for a machine gun or grenade launcher is installed on the roof. The rear part has a sloping trunk lid ("coffin").
• Colors: Sand or forest camouflage.
• Weight and protection: Weight – about 5.5 tons (in armored version). Carries M2 Browning 12.7 mm or Mk19 machine guns.
• Speed and range: Up to 113 km/h; power reserve — 400 km.
• Manufacturer: USA.

🇷🇺 Russia

• KamAZ-63501 "Mustang":
• Type: Heavy artillery truck/tractor (four-axle, 8x8).
• Appearance and figure: A huge cabover truck with a rectangular cab located just above the front axle. It has huge toothy wheels with a tire inflation system. At the back, either an armored capsule for infantry or a platform for transporting shells and cannons is mounted.
• Colors: Solid color protective green.
• Carrying capacity: Transports up to 14 tons of cargo or tows heavy howitzers.
• Speed and range: Up to 90 km/h on the highway; power reserve — 1000 km.
• Manufacturer: Russia.
• All-terrain motorcycles (enduro/scouts):
• Type: Short-range assault vehicles (massively introduced on the front to break through drone zones).
• Appearance and figure: Lightweight two-wheeled motocross motorcycles. Homemade frames are often welded on the back and sides for attaching bags with shells, anti-tank guided missiles (ATGMs) or medical stretchers. They are equipped with silencers to reduce noise.
• Colors: Painted from spray cans to match the color of dirt, wrapped with camouflage nets.
• Speed and range: Up to 110 km/h on rough terrain; The range is limited by the tank (about 150-200 km).
• Manufacturer: China (Regulmoto, Avantis) / Russia (modifications).

🇺🇸 United States•

F-35 Lightning II:
• Type: 5th generation stealth multirole fighter (Stealth).
• Appearance and Figure: A single-engine, stocky aircraft with smoothed chopped shapes for radar dispersion. The wings and tail have strictly parallel edges. All weapons are hidden inside the fuselage so as not to break the invisibility.
• Colors: Specific dark gray matte color (radar absorbent coating).
• Armament: Internal compartments accommodate AIM-120 AMRAAM air-to-air missiles, JDAM guided bombs. Pylons can be hung under the wings in "beast" mode (when stealth is not needed).
• Speed and range: Speed – up to 1930 km/h (Mach 1.6); combat radius — 1100 km.
• Manufacturer: USA (Lockheed Martin).
• AH-64D Apache Longbow:
• Type: Main attack helicopter.
• Appearance and figure: Angular, predatory fuselage. Above the main rotor is a characteristic round "saucer" - this is the Longbow all-round radar. The crew sits in tandem (one after another). A movable automatic cannon is installed under the bow.
• Colors: Dark olive matte.
• Armament: 30 mm M230 chain cannon, up to 16 AGM-114 Hellfire anti-tank missiles.
• Speed and range: Speed – up to 265 km/h; range - up to 480 km.
• Manufacturer: USA.

🇷🇺 Russia

• Su-34M:
• Type: Frontline supersonic bomber/fighter-bomber.
• Appearance and figure: Because of the characteristic flattened nose, he received the nickname "Duckling". The crew sits next to each other (sideways to each other), and not one after another. The aircraft is huge, has a front horizontal tail (small wings at the nose) and a twin-engine scheme.
• Colors: Navy blue (aqua) top, light blue bottom or standard aviation gray.
• Armament: Combat load - up to 8 tons on 12 hardpoints (FAB guided bombs with UMPK modules, Kh-59, Kh-31 missiles).
• Speed and range: Maximum speed - 1900 km/h (Mach 1.8); combat radius — 1100 km.
• Manufacturer: Russia.
• Ka-52M Alligator:
• Type: Reconnaissance and attack helicopter.
• Appearance and figure: A unique coaxial rotor scheme - it has two large rotors on top of each other, rotating in different directions, and there is no tail rotor at all. The nose is rounded, the crew sits side by side in an armored capsule. It has short side wings for suspension of missiles.
• Colors: Matte black, dark gray or dark green.
• Armament: 30-mm 2A42 cannon, anti-tank missiles "Vikhr-1" (range 10 km), guided missiles "LMUR" (Product 305).
• Speed and range: Speed – up to 300 km/h; flight range — 460 km.
• Manufacturer: Russia.

🇩🇪 Germany

• Leopard 2A7+:
• Type: Main battle tank.
• Appearance and Figure: A tall tank with very recognizable arrow (wedge-shaped) screens on the front of the turret. The hull is long, the chassis has 7 road wheels per side. The turret is equipped with panoramic sights of the commander, similar to small cupolas.
• Colors: Dark green or European forest camouflage.
• Weight and implement: Weight – 67.5 tons. The gun is a 120 mm Rheinmetall L55 long-barreled gun.
• Speed and range: Up to 72 km/h (diesel engine); power reserve — 450 km.
• Manufacturer: Germany.

🇺🇸 United States•

M1A2 SEPv3 Abrams:
• Type: Main battle tank.
• Appearance and figure: Large, long and massive tank. The turret is very large, stretched back (ammunition with deflated panels is stored in the aft niche). The frontal projection of the turret has a characteristic wedge-shaped slope. Massive TUSK protection plates are often hung on the sides.
• Colors: Plain desert (hot sand) or NATO tricolor (green, brown, black).
• Weight and gun: Weight - about 67-70 tons (one of the heaviest tanks). The gun is a 120 mm M256 smoothbore gun.
• Speed and range: Up to 67 km/h (equipped with a voracious gas turbine engine that whistles like an airplane); Range — 420 km.
• Manufacturer: USA.

🇷🇺 Russia

• T-90M "Proryv":
• Type: Main Battle Tank (MBT).
• Appearance and figure: Squat, dense silhouette with a low profile. The turret is angular, welded, hung on all sides with Relikt dynamic protection units. A characteristic lattice box for ammunition is installed at the rear of the turret, and a lattice visor ("barbecue") with anti-drone electronic warfare units is installed on the roof.
• Colors: Tri-color camouflage (green, black, yellow) or desert sand.
• Weight and gun: Weight – 48 tons. The gun is a 125-mm smoothbore gun-launcher (also fires Reflex-M guided missiles).
• Speed and range: On the highway - up to 70 km/h; power reserve — 550 km.
• Manufacturer: Russia (Uralvagonzavod).

🇺🇸 United States•

MGM-140 ATACMS:
• Type: Solid-propellant tactical ballistic missile.
• Appearance and figure: A thick, short cigar-shaped rocket with a hemispherical blunt nose cone. In the tail section there are small folding aerodynamic rudders.
• Colours: Olive green or grey with warhead type stripes (cassette/high-explosive).
• Warhead weight: From 160 to 560 kg (depending on the modification: cluster munition with hundreds of submunitions or high-explosive fragmentation).
• Speed: Up to Mach 3 (over 3500 km/h).
• Range: From 165 km (early versions) to 300 km (modern versions).
• Launch: M270 MLRS tracked MLRS or M142 HIMARS 🚛 wheeled mount.

🇬🇧 / 🇫🇷 United Kingdom / France

• Storm Shadow / SCALP-EG:
• Type: Air-launched long-range tactical stealth cruise missile.
• Appearance and figure: Angular fuselage with beveled edges (Stealth technology). Unfolding straight wings are located on top. In the lower tail section there is a rectangular air intake of the turbojet engine. Guidance is carried out according to a thermal imaging map of the area before the strike.
• Colors: Matte olive, gray or dirty green camouflage with technical inscriptions in English/French 🪖.
• Warhead weight: 450 kg 💣 (two-stage BROACH penetrating charge: the first charge penetrates the concrete wall/ground, the second explodes inside the bunker).
• Speed: 850 – 1000 km/h (Mach 0.8).
• Flight range: Export versions - up to 250 - 300 km; basic versions for NATO - up to 560 km.
• Launch: Adapted pylons of tactical front-line aircraft (Su-24M of the Ukrainian Air Force, Eurofighter Typhoon, Rafale).

🇷🇺 Russia

• Kh-22 Burya/Kh-32:
• Type: Heavy supersonic cruise anti-ship/air-launched missile.
• Appearance and figure: A giant cylindrical projectile (about 11 meters long) with short, swept-back triangular wings and a pronounced tail that resembles a fighter jet from the 1960s. The nose cone is radiotransparent and sharp.
• Colors: Metallic silver or dull white 💿.
• Warhead weight: 900 – 1000 kg 🌋 (monstrous destructive power).
• Speed: Kh-22 - up to Mach 3.5; Kh-32 - up to Mach 4.5 - 5 (about 5400 km / h).
• Flight range: Kh-22 - up to 600 km; Kh-32 — up to 1000 km.
• Launch: Tu-22M3/Tu-22M3M long-range bombers (suspended under the wing or semi-recessed under the fuselage).
• Kh-59MK2 / Kh-69:
• Type: Tactical stealth air-to-surface cruise missile.
• Appearance and figure: A new generation missile that has a square (box-shaped) fuselage cross-section for covert placement in the internal compartments of fighters. The wings are folding, open in the air.
• Colours: Dark grey absorbent compound.
• Warhead weight: 310 – 400 kg 💣.
• Speed: About 750 – 900 km/h (subsonic, flying at ultra-low altitude).
• Flight range: Up to 290 – 400 km.
• Launch: From the internal compartments or from the external pylons of the Su-57, Su-34, Su-35.

🇹🇷 Turkey

• Bayraktar TB2:
• Type: Operational-tactical medium-altitude attack UAV.
• Appearance and figure: Recognizable double girder pattern. The fuselage has the shape of a disk or a drop, smoothly turning into wings. The tail unit is in the form of an inverted letter V. Internal combustion engine is located behind the fuselage (pusher two-bladed propeller). The landing gear is three-wheeled, not retractable in flight.
• Colors: Light gray, sand or camouflage green.
• Warhead weight (Payload): Up to 150 kg on 4 hardpoints (MAM-L, MAM-C high-precision laser-guided mini-glide bombs).
• Speed: Cruising speed – 130 km/h, maximum speed – 220 km/h.
• Flight range: Control radius from the ground station – up to 150 – 300 km; autonomous haul – up to 4000 km.
• Start: Take-off from equipped runways for civil or military purposes.
• Bayraktar Akinci:
• Type: Heavy twin-engine attack UAV.
• Appearance and figure: It has a "humpbacked" fuselage resembling a whale, and curved wings of an unusual shape (seagull wing). It is equipped with two turboprop engines on the wings. A large and massive device.
• Colors: Matte white or steel gray.
• Warhead weight (Payload): Up to 1350 kg (can carry SOM cruise missiles, heavy bombs of the MK-81/82/83 series).
• Speed: Cruising - 280 km/h, maximum - 360 km/h.
• Flight range: Up to 7500 km.
• Start: Military airfields.

🇺🇸 United States•

MQ-9 Reaper:
• Type: Heavy reconnaissance and strike UAV.
• Appearance and Figure: A huge classic aircraft with a long straight wing. The tail unit is in the form of an inverted Y. Under the fuselage there is a rotating turret with a multispectral aiming system. It is equipped with a turboprop engine with a four-bladed propeller on the tail.
• Colors: Matte gray ("ghost" aviation gray).
• Warhead weight (Payload): Up to 1700 kg of armament on 6 suspension pylons (AGM-114 Hellfire anti-tank missiles, GBU-12 laser-guided bombs).
• Speed: Cruising speed – 310 km/h, maximum speed – up to 480 km/h.
• Flight range: Up to 1900 km (flight autonomy up to 27 hours).
• Start: Aerodromes with concrete runways.

🇺🇦 Ukraine

• Shark:
• Type: Tactical reconnaissance UAV and artillery spotter/HIMARS.
• Appearance and figure: Streamlined silhouette reminiscent of the body of a shark. Narrow long wings with upturned tips (winglets). The optoelectronic complex is hidden in the lower hemisphere of the fuselage. The engine is electric, the propeller is at the rear.
• Colors: The top is gray with a painted characteristic toothy shark mouth in the bow. 🦈
• Warhead weight: None.
• Speed: 70 – 150 km/h.
• Flight range: Depth of penetration into the rear – up to 60 – 80 km.
• Launch: Catapult, parachute landing.

🇺🇸 United States•

RQ-4 Global Hawk:
• Type: Strategic High-Altitude Reconnaissance UAV (HALE).
• Appearance and figure: A huge unmanned aircraft (wingspan of about 40 meters - more than that of a passenger Boeing 737). The fuselage has a characteristic "hump" in the nose, where the satellite communications antenna is located. The turbofan engine is mounted on top at the rear of the fuselage.
• Colors: Snow-white fuselage, gray wings. The tail often bears the insignia of the United States Air Force.
• Warhead weight: There is no warhead (the cost of reconnaissance equipment is in the tens of millions of dollars).
• Speed: About 570 – 620 km/h.
• Flight range: Up to 22,000 km (at an altitude of up to 18,000 meters for more than 32 hours).
• Launch: Military air bases with standard runways.
• RQ-11 Raven:
• Type: Small battlefield reconnaissance UAV (tactical level company-battalion).
• Appearance and figure: Looks like a toy glider. Thin plastic fuselage beam, the wing is attached on top on a support, the propeller rotates over the wing to avoid damage when landing on the belly.
• Colors: Dirty yellow, olive or gray plastic.
• Warhead weight: None.
• Speed: 45 – 95 km/h.
• Flight range: Range via radio channel up to 10 km.
• Start: Launched by a soldier with a throw from the hand.

🇷🇺 Russia

• Supercam (Supercam S350):
• Type: Tactical reconnaissance UAV.
• Appearance and figure: Made according to the "flying wing" scheme, but with a short chopped fuselage and a huge span of thin wings. Equipped with quick-release wing consoles for easy transport. Pulling screw at the front.
• Colors: White or bright white (for camouflage against the background of clouds).
• Warhead weight: No (carries high-resolution photo and video equipment).
• Speed: 70 – 120 km/h.
• Flight range: Up to 240 km along the total route (flight time up to 4.5 hours).
• Start: Elastic or pneumatic catapult. Landing on a parachute.

🇺🇦 Ukraine

• "Fierce":
• Type: Long-range airborne kamikaze drone.
• Appearance and figure: A twin-boom low-wing monoplane with a thin fuselage and a pronounced inverted V-shaped tail connecting the beams. The engine with a pusher propeller is located behind the fuselage. Outwardly, it resembles a smaller Bayraktar TB2, but without the wheeled landing gear in flight.
• Colours: Light grey or dark grey unmarked.
• Warhead weight: Up to 50 kg 💣.
• Speed: 150 – 180 km/h.
• Flight range: Up to 1000 km.
• Start: Acceleration from runways or highways using a wheeled trolley.
• Beaver:
• Type: Long-range kamikaze drone of the "duck" scheme.
• Appearance and figure: Fuselage with a narrowing to the nose, where small horizontal rudders are installed. The main wing is shifted far back. The power plant is located at the rear (pusher propeller). It looks very specific, creating the illusion that it flies backwards.
• Colors: Bluish gray or dirty white.
• Warhead weight: Up to 20 kg.
• Speed: 120 – 150 km/h.
• Flight range: Up to 600 – 800 km.
• Start: From a flat asphalt surface.

🇮🇱 Israel

• IAI Harop:
• Type: Heavy kamikaze reconnaissance and strike drone.
• Appearance and figure: The apparatus of the "duck" scheme. It has a pronounced fuselage with small nose wings (elevators) extended forward and a main large swept wing at the rear. A powerful rotating thermal imaging sphere is installed in the bow.
• Colors: Light gray aviation.
• Warhead weight: 23 kg 💣 (high-precision high-explosive fragmentation warhead).
• Speed: Cruising - 175 km/h, when attacking - up to 400 km/h.
• Flight range: Up to 1000 km (can circle in the air for hours waiting for enemy air defense radars to turn on).
• Launch: Sealed containers on cargo chassis or ship decks.
• Hero-120 (UVision):
• Type: Modular tactical loitering munition.
• Appearance and figure: Cylindrical body with folded cross-shaped wings that open after the launch in the "X" pattern.
• Colors: Dark gray or matte olive.
• Warhead weight: 4.5 kg 💥 (tandem shaped charge).
• Speed: Up to 150 km/h.
• Flight range: Up to 40 – 60 km.
• Launch: Compressed air launch tube.

🇮🇷 Iran

• Shahed-131:
• Type: Long-range kamikaze drone (younger brother of Shahed-136).
• Appearance and figure: "Flying wing" triangular shape. Visually, it is almost indistinguishable from the 136 model, but proportionally smaller in all axes by about a third. Keels on the wingtips look only upwards.
• Colors: Light gray, sandy beige.
• Warhead weight: 15 kg 💣.
• Speed: 130 – 150 km/h.
• Flight range: Up to 700 – 900 km.
• Launch: Light launch car trusses.
• Meraj-521:
• Type: Light infantry quad or aircraft kamikaze.
• Appearance and figure: A compact UAV with folding wings and a pusher propeller, reminiscent of American Switchblade models.
• Colors: Desert camouflage or gray.
• Warhead weight: 0.5 – 1.0 kg.
• Speed: Up to 140 km/h.
• Flight range: 5 km.
• Launch: Portable launch container.

🇺🇸 United States•

Switchblade 300:
• Type: Anti-personnel ultra-compact mini-kamikaze.
• Appearance and figure: It has an oblong shape of a "pencil case" or a thick ruler. After flying out of the launch tube, it instantly opens two rows of thin, straight wings in the shape of the letter "T".
• Colors: Light gray or olive 🫒.
• Warhead weight: 0.3 kg 🧨 (equivalent to a hand grenade to hit manpower).
• Speed: About 100 km/h (up to 160 km/h when attacking).
• Flight range: Up to 10 km.
• Start: Compact portable mortar tube.
• Switchblade 600:
• Type: Anti-tank loitering munition.
• Appearance and figure: An enlarged copy of the 300 model. A long heavy fuselage with a powerful optical head in the nose and deployable tandem wings.
• Colors: Matte gray.
• Warhead weight: 4 kg 💣 (uses a shaped charge from a Javelin anti-tank missile).
• Speed: Cruising - 110 km/h, when diving - 185 km/h.
• Flight range: Up to 40 km.
• Launch: Transport and launch container of vertical or inclined type.
• Phoenix Ghost:
• Type: Classified tactical kamikaze drone.
• Appearance and figure: Designed specifically for the requirements of theatre operations in Eastern Europe. The exact appearance is classified, but the layout is close to the Switchblade, optimized for night strikes with vertical takeoff.
• Colors: Black or dark gray.
• Warhead weight: About 2 – 4 kg 💥.
• Speed: Up to 150 km/h.
• Flight range: About 40 km (time spent in the air – up to 6 hours).
• Start: Launch ramp or vertical start.

🇷🇺 Russia

• Scalpel:
• Type: Tactical loitering ammunition (a simplified analogue of the Lancet).
• Appearance and figure: Elongated tubular fuselage with a cross-shaped wing. It has an internal compartment for quick change of the warhead by the operator.
• Colors: Matte gray or dark green.
• Warhead weight: 5 kg 💣.
• Speed: Cruising - 120 km/h.
• Flight range: Up to 40 km.
• Launch: Ground rail catapult.
• Molniya-1/2:
• Type: Aircraft-type tactical kamikaze drone.
• Appearance and figure: It looks like a classic RC aircraft with a high wing, the nose is highly pointed. It is equipped with artificial intelligence to automatically lock on to targets in the final section.
• Colors: Dirty white or gray.
• Warhead weight: 3 – 5 kg 💥.
• Speed: Up to 130 km/h.
• Flight range: Up to 30 – 40 km.
• Launch: Manual launch or light catapult.