Greek mythology 🏺

he Titans were known for their great size and strength, and played an important role in Greek mythology. Cronos: God of time and father of Zeus, Poseidon, Hades, Hestia, Demeter and Hera. Rhea: Mother of Zeus, Poseidon, Hades, Hestia, Demeter and Hera. Ocean: God of the sea and river that surrounds the world. Thetis: Goddess of the sea and mother of Achilles. Hyperion: Father of Helios, Selene and Eos. Iapetus: Father of Atlas, Prometheus and Epimetheus. Themis: Goddess of justice and prophecy. Mnemosyne: Goddess of memory and mother of the Muses. Tea: Goddess of sight and mother of Helios, Selene and Eos. Aunt: Goddess of life and mother of Zeus, Poseidon, Hades, Hestia, Demeter and Hera. Atlas: Titan who holds the sky on his shoulders. Prometheus: Titan who stole fire for humans and was punished by Zeus. Epimetheus: Titan who was responsible for the creation of animals and was punished by Zeus.

Midas's Golden Touch King Midas was the ruler of Phrygia. He was walking in his garden one afternoon when he came across a cold and hungry satyr. This type of creature had the body of a man and the legs of a goat. The satyr weakly introduced himself as "Silenus", and Midas took him inside and gave him food and drink. In return for the kindly king's hospitality, Silenus began to share exciting stories of Dionysus, the god he worshipped. Dionysus, meanwhile, had been searching for the lost Silenus. Dionysus was relieved when he found his missing friend, well fed and happy, in Midas's home. "Thank you, Midas," Dionysus said. "Please, make a wish and I will grant it." Midas began to dream of glorious riches. "I want whatever I touch to turn to gold," he said. Dionysus knew that it was a foolish wish, but he granted it anyway. Midas couldn't wait to try out his new talent. He reached out to stroke his hand across a tree and smiled widely as it turned to shining gold. * Midas wandered around his palace, touching the pillars and watching the stone transform beneath his fingers. His servants clapped their hands in delight as he turned one thing after another into the precious yellow metal. Midas ordered a great feast in celebration. Platters of fruit and jugs of wine were brought by the cartload to the now-golden table. However, as soon as Midas tried to eat some of the delicious food, he realized his terrible mistake. When he raised the first slice of bread to his mouth, it grew heavy and turned to gold. The same happened to the wine in his goblet as it reached his lips. Midas was distraught. "Dionysus, please take back your gift," he cried. The god appeared, and took pity on the king. "Climb the Lydian Hills and wash your hands in the river there," Dionysus told him. "Then you will be free." Midas set off immediately. At the Lydian River, Midas plunged his hands into the water and the power was washed away. For many years that followed, the gold from Midas's hands could b

Minos was enraged at the loss of both the Minotaur and his daughter. Looking for someone to blame, he remembered the inventor of the Labyrinth, Daedalus. Minos had brought Daedalus to Crete to design the complicated maze, but now it was useless. As a punishment, the king forbade Daedalus, and his son Icarus from leaving Crete. However, Daedalus was a clever man who could make use of practically anything around him. With the help of his son, he went in search of as many discarded feathers, of all colours and sizes, as he could find on the island. He then used beeswax to stick the feathers together. Once he had finished, Daedalus held up his handiwork and showed it to Icarus Daedalus had made two giant pairs of wings. "We can use these to fly far away from the island and Minos," Daedalus explained. Icarus was filled with excitement at the idea of flying. "Whatever you - do, though," Daedalus warned his son, "don't fly too close to the Sun. If you do, the wax that holds the wings together will melt." Daedalus and Icarus put on their wings and began to run while flapping their arms. Soon their feet left the ground. As they flew into the sky, they saw Minos gazing up at them in horror, and laughed. The heat of the Sun meited the was in Icarus wings, and he began to fall. However, their joy was short-lived Daedalus flew calmly, gliding over the sparkling sea, but Icarus was eager to test his wings. In his excitement, Icarus forgot his father's warning. Icarus swooped and soared, flying higher and higher. He did not notice that the wax that held his wings together was beginning to melt in the heat of the Sun. He began to fall. "Icarus!" Daedalus yelled when he saw what was happening, but it was too late. Icarus splashed into the waves below and died, leaving his father to fly on alone.

The next day, Theseus was led to the start of the Labyrinth. He hunted for the Minotaur through the twisting, turning passages, making sure to leave a trail of string behind him. Suddenly, he heard a terrifying snort and the beast charged round a corner. The Minotaur had the body of an enormous man and the head of a bull, complete with long, curved horns. Theseus drew his sword. The Minotaur was strong, but it couldn't move as quickly as Theseus in the narrow passage. Theseus darted behind it and swung his sword with all his might. The Minotaur fell to the floor, lifeless. King Minos was furious, but Theseus took Ariadne away on his ship, planning to make her his queen. During the voyage, however, Ariadne was spotted by the god Dionysus. He fell in love with the princess and took her as his own wife instead. Theseus had no power over a god. The prince was devastated to have lost his bride, and in his grief, he forgot his father's instructions. When he sailed into Athens, the sails on his ship were black. Thinking his son had been killed, the king threw himself from the palace walls. Theseus returned having freed his people but lost those he loved the most

King Minos ruled the island of Crete, but he was a greedy monarch, and he had been trying to conquer the Greek city of Athens for some time. After many years of fighting, the Athenians ran short of food and they surrendered to Minos. The victorious king demanded that each year the Athenians send to him seven boys and seven girls so that they could be fed to the Minotaur - a dreadful beast, half-man, half-bull, which Minos kept trapped in an endless maze known as the Labyrinth. The Labyrinth prevented the monster from terrorizing the people of Crete, but it also stopped the boys and girls from escaping. No one had ever made their way out of the Labyrinth alive. Three years after Athens had surrendered, the Athenian prince Theseus had had enough: "This year I am going to Crete to kill the Minotaur once and for all!" he announced His father, King Aegeus, was worried. "Theseus, promise me that if you survive, you will fly white sails on your ship, so I can see you are returning safely," he asked. So Theseus boarded the ship to Crete with the other thirteen boys and girls who were to be sacrificed that year. On his arrival, Minos's daughter Princess Ariadne caught sight of the handsome young prince and immediately fell in love. In the dead of night, Ariadne crept out of her room to visit Theseus. "Theseus," she whispered, "if I help you escape the Labyrinth will you promise to take me back to Athens with you?" Theseus agreed, so Ariadne handed him a ball of string. "Take this string and tie one end of it at the entrance of the Labyrinth. Unwind the rest as you walk through," she explained, "then you can follow it back out to leave

ELYSIUM Elysium was an island in the underworld reserved For important heroes who had been honoured by the gods, such as Orpheus. THE UNDERWORLD The underworld was where a mortal's soul travelled to after death. Here they would spend the rest of eternity. It was a dark place, and once they were there no one could return to the world above. It was ruled by the god Hades with the help of his wife, Persephone The three fatas were called Klette, Lakhevis, and Attapon Sisaph was semепкой на Hill rock up a hall, hut just before The got to the tuy chap rolled dumn ayan The Fates were the three goddesses of destiny. They used their spinning wheel to spin threads that represented mortal lives and cut them when each life came to an end. The Danaides were sisters cursed to try and use jugs to fill a leaking hath for eternity THE FATES PALACE OF HADES AND PERSEPHONE Hades and Persephone lived in a private palace made entirely of gold, from which they ruled the rest of the underworld. Kharon was the ferryman who brought souls to the underworld.

ASPHODEL FIELDS The underworld was carpeted with large fields of asphodel- a type of plant with pale white flowers. This plant was the only food that souls could eat JUDGEMENT Minos, Rhadamanthus, and Aeacus were responsible for judging souls who entered the underworld. They had once been mortal men but were granted this honour by the gods. GATES TO THE UNDERWORLD The underworld was protected by huge metal gates that were guarded by the three-headed dog Cerberus. These gates stopped the souls of the dead from escaping. THE FUJES The Furies were three goddesses responsible for punishing people wha committed evil arts by driving them mad, both in the land of the livirig and the dead. The Firies had lange wings that carried them as Tastes the wind TARTARUS Tartarus was the deepest, darkest part of the underworld, where Zeus had imprisoned the Titans who had fought against him. It was also where souls were punished for doing wrong in their lives, such as Tantalus, Sisyphus, and the Danaides Tontalus's punishunent was to stand forever between water and a fruit tree, but never ta be able to eat or drink. RIVER ACHERON In order to get to the underworld souls had to cross the River Acheron. They had to pay the ferryman, Kharon, one coin to board his bout. If a body hadn't been given a coin in the land of the living, then they would be stuck by the river forever.

WORSHIPPING THE GODS Religion was a huge part of every ancient Greek's life. People had small shrines at home where they would worship the gods and offer sacrifices, but they also took part in large public celebrations. Athletic games and festivals in sacred places were common and often dedicated to specific gods. TEMPLES The ancient Greeks built temples to honour different gods. People would go there to leave gifts, such as small statues, which would be looked after by priests and priestesses. Some temples contained a giant statue of a god or goddess. Ancient Greek temples are recognizable by their triangular roof, supported by rows of columns

SACRED PLACES There were lots of different kinds of sacred places all over Greece. Certain towns or islands were associated with a particular god or goddess. A secret festival dedicated to Demeter and Persephone was held in the town of Eleusis. Delphi was where the famous priestess of Apollo, the Pythia, lived. People would visit her to hear the future. The town of Olympia had many temples but the biggest was the Temple of Zeus. The Olympic Games were held here in his honour The island of Delos was sacred to Apollo and had a temple that contained a giant statue of the god.

SACRIFICES Sacrifices were gifts offered to the gods to gain their favour. Same werE personal gifts at home, others were big community offerings. Food and drink were popular choices, and these were often burned Wine was a common drink in ancient Greece. People would pour out some wine for the gods before every meal. Animals, such as sheep and cows, were popular sacrifices. They were killed and certain parts were burned, while the meat was given to worshippers.

FESTIVALS AND GAMES Festivals and athletic games were held in honour of the gods. Festivals often involved dancing, sacrifices, and theatre Big athletic games were held regularly, such as the Olympic Games held every four years, Winners were awarded wreaths- crowns made from leaves. The Pythian Games were held in honour of Apollo and athletes could win a laurel wreath 10000

MONSTERS OF MYTH Monsters from ancient Greek myths were terrifying beasts that tormented or killed mortals. Some were fearsome animals and others were part-human creatures, but all were terrifying! SIRENS These were winged women whe lived in caves along the coast. They would sing beautiful songs to try and make sailors crash their ships on rocks DOGS Lots of gods and heroes kept dogs. They weren't all ordinary pets, though. Cerberus, Hades' dog, and Cerberus's brother Orthrus had multiple heads and dragon-like tails THE HYDRA The hydru was a hay t that bived on the outskins Lerna. It had many heads an long, staly necks, and if one heut was chopped off, w grow back in its place. HARPIES Harpies resembled gam with their long, dangerous claws, but they had the heads of wom The gods sometimes venit them to punish mortah THE CHIMAERA This was a terrifying monster that had the body of a lion, the head of a fire-breathing goat on its back, and a tail that ended in a dragon's head MNTS ants often looked similar to потето except that they were wuch much larger Some were strong that they even fought Olympian gods GORGONS Gorgons, such as Medusa, were fearsome women whose stare turned mortals to stone. They had large wings, sharp cloves, and snakes for hair. SEA MONSTERS The sea was full of monsters in Greek mythology, such as Ketos, a giant serpent. They served gods, such as Poseidon, and guarded the oceans DRAGONS Dragons came in many shapes and sizes in ancient Greek mythology. Some were part-human, while others were huge serpents. Ancient Greek dragons did not usually have wings, but long scaly bodies. THE MINOTAUR The Minotaur was half-man, half-bull and ate human sacrifices. King Minos kept it trapped in the Labyrinth on the island of Crete.

TITANS The Titans were un alder generation of gads who gave birth to the Olympians, bat were later overthrown big them during the War of the Titans The Titans were the children of Gaia and Ouranos HORSES Winged horses winte the gods ir pull the char through the sky Penisa the most feminis winget herw He was born from the bella Medusa when Perseus riall her head GODS AND GODDESSES The ancient Greeks worshipped various gods and goddesses. The twelve Olympians were the most powerful, but there were hundreds of other gods who were responsible for every part of life, from childbirth to rainbows. CYCLOPES The Cyclopes were one-eyed giants who were master craftsmen. They served as Hephaestus's assistants and made Zeus's thunderbolts Some Cyclopes, such as Polyphemus, lived on Earth. MYTHICAL BEINGS Cient Greek myths are filled with all sorts of fantastical beings. well as all-powerful gods, there are giants, magical creatures, part-human, part-animal beasts. Many of these beings fered with the lives of mortals, both helping and hurting them. body of a horse from the waist An Chanon with a famous ontaur who helped many heroes on their adventures NYMPHS These were divine spirits who took care of different parts of nature. They were always female, and different types were associated with different natural features, such as forests, mountains, rivers, or the sea. SATYRS Satyrs were nature spirits with the body and head of a man and the horns and legs of a goat. They worshipped the wine god Dionysus and were often shown playing pipes and drinking HECATONCHEIRES There were three Hecatoncheires-enormous giants with fifty heads and one hundred hands each. Along with the Titans and the Cyclopes, they were children ef Gela and Ouranos

HEPHAESTUS GOD OF SMITHS AND VOLCANOES Hephaestus was skilled in metalwork, so all of the other gods came to him for their armour and weaponry. He walked with a limp because his stepfather, Zeus, had thrown him from Mount Olympus as a child. PARENTS Hera CHILDREN Many SACRED SYMBOLS VOLCANO Hephaestus's workshops were believed to be found inside the bellies of volcanoes. TONGS Hephaestus was usually seen holding tongs for grasping hot metal HAMMER Hephaestus often carried a hammer, sometimes striking it against his anvil in order to make armour or weapons DONKEY Hephaestus rode a donkey instead of a horse. VOLCANIC WORKSHOP As the god of crafts, Hephaestus was most popular with those who worked with their hands. The Greeks believed that volcanoes were Hephaestus's workshops. Any volcanic noises and fumes were thought to come from him forging his creations inside

APHRODITE GODDESS OF LOVE AND BEAUTY Aphrodite was the goddess of love. She was married to Hephaestus, although this was not through her own choice as she really loved Ares. She helped heroes who worshipped her, such as Hippomenes and Paris, win the women they loved. PARENTS Ouranos CHILDREN Many SACRED SYMBOLS SCALLOP SHELL Aphrodite was born fully grown in a scallop shell from the sea RED ROSE When Aphrodite pricked her finger on a white rase, her blood turned the petals red. DOVE Aphrodite's worshippers purified her temples by sacrificing a dove GOLDEN APPLE The golden apple was a prize awarded to Aphrodite as the most beautiful goddess. LOVED BY ALL In Athens, Aphrodite was celebrated at a woman-only festival, where her worshippers would dance and sing on the roofs of the city throughout the night. It was believed that Aphrodite might punish those who did not worship her and who avoided love.

ARTEMIS GODDESS OF HUNTING Artemis was the twin sister of Apollo. She was the goddess of hunting and no one could beat her with a bow and arrow Artemis never married and didn't stay on Mount Olympus, preferring to live in the forest with her specially chosen group of female huntresses. PARENTS Zeus and Leto CHILDREN, None SACRED SYMBOLS DEER Artemis often wore a deerskin as a cloak DOG Artemis kept hunting dogs to help her catch prey BEAR The young women that served in Artemis' temples were known as "little bears". BOW AND ARROW Artemis always carried her trusty bow. She was a very skilled archer GIRLS GODDESS Artemis was seen as protector of young girls before they were wed. Some of these women would travel to Artemis' temples and serve the goddess before returning home to get married. There, they would compete in races, dance together, and make sacrifices to Artemis. 97

APOLLO GOD OF MUSIC Apollo was the twin brother of Artemis. When he was born, he was supposedly holding a golden sword in one hand. Apollo was the god of many things, including music, healing, and oracles-places where people heard their future. He could even make mortals see the future. PARENTS Zeus and Leto CHILDREN: Orpheus and many more SACRED SYMBOLS GOLDEN BOW Apollo carried a golden bow and arrows made for him by Hephaestus. SWAN Apollo flew on the back of a swan to get around TRIPOD Apollo's most powerful priestess, the Pythia, sat on a sacred tripod. LYRE Apollo was skilled with many musical instruments, but he favoured the stringed lyre. SEEING THE FUTURE Apollo's most famous temple was in Delphi, where his greatest priestess, the Pythia, lived. People, including kings and queens, would travel great distances to see the Pythia. She would give them advice and tell their future.

The Amazons The Amazons were a group of warrior women who lived alone, far from any city. They were the daughters of the war god Ares. The Amazons dedicated their lives to the art of warfare and were stronger and more fearsome than the most well-trained fighters in Greece. The only times the Amazons had conta with men outside of war were when they journeyed to nearby lands, fell in love, and had children. However, the women always returned to their home. If an Amazon gave birth to a son, she would leave him to be raised by his father, but any baby girls were welcomed back to live alongside their sisters. The queen of the Amazons, Myrina, had formed an lliance with another group called the Atlantians The Atlantians were under threat from their neighbours, the Gorgons a group of monstrous winged women with snakes for hair, who often attacked the Atlantians. To protect their friends, the Amazons launched an attack on the Gorgons. Both sides had large armies. The Amazons, however, had a secret weapon. The Amazons covered themselves with snakeskin armour made from a breed of giant serpents found only in their homeland. Their scales was stronger than steel. It protected the warriors from their enemies' swords and arrows. The Amazons fought the Gorgon army for weeks, and both sides lost many of their soldiers. However, with the advantage of their armour and under the command of Queen Myrina, the Amazons gained the upper hand. The Gorgons were defeated and the Amazons had saved the Atlantians.

ARES GOD OF WAR Ares was the god of war and was always dressed in armour. He never married but he loved Aphrodite. Ares fathered the Amazons, a race of fearsome female warriors who lived apart from the rest of society. PARENTS: Zeus and Hera CHILDREN: The Amazons, Diomedes, the Ismenian dragon, and many more SACRED SYMBOLS POISONOUS DRAGON Ares was father to the Ismenian dragon that was killed by the hero Cadmus. DOG Ares was often accompanied by his hunting dogs. HELMET Ares always wore a helmet, ready for battle. It symbolized his role as the god of war. VULTURE Vultures eat dead bodies, and were associated with battlefields. UNPOPULAR GOD Ares was particularly associated with the most violent, wild aspects of war. Perhaps because of this he was one of the least popular gods, and the ancient Greeks dedicated very few emples to him.

ATHENA GODDESS OF WAR AND WISDOM Athena was born from Zeus's head, in full armour As the goddess of war and wisdom, she was responsible for the planning of battles Her father, Zeus, tried to give her hand to Hephaestus, but she refused to ever marry PARENTS. Zeus and Metis CHILDREN None 00 SACRED SYMBOLS OWL Athma wat eñen wes with an owl, which τεμαντικά στηdam OLIVE TREE Athena and the silve tree to Greece, Drees ware eaten and used to make DISTAFF This is a sork that wool was wownd eround it symbolized Atherton as the Nest weave SPEAR Athens was always Shown carrying e spear to represent her skill in battle. ATHENA OF ATHENS Athena was the main goddess of Athens. The Greeks believed she fought Poseidon for control of the city and was chosen by its citizens when she gifted them an olive tree. Olives were an important source of trade for the Athenians for hundreds of years

HESTIA GODDESS OF THE HEARTH Hestia was responsible for the hearth - the place where a fire is lit in the home. It was her jab to keep a fire alight on Mount Olympus at all times. Both Poseidon and Apollo wanted to marry her, but she turned them down, and she chose to have no children. PARENTS: Kronos and Rhea CHILDREN. None SACRED SYMBOLS VEIL Hestia was usually seen wearing a veil over her hair FIRE Fire and the lit fireplace represented Hestia's blessing over the household BREAD Bread was baked in the hearth, and so was associated with Hestia. KETTLE Hestia sometimes held a kettle as a symbol of her management of the house. HEARTH AND HOME Hestia was incredibly important to the people of Greece. She was always given the first sacrifice made in the home, regardless of which other gods were being honoured. As the Greeks saw cities as extensions of the home, she also took care of them.

HERMES MESSENGER OF THE GODS Hermes' job on Olympus was to carry the messages of the gods to the mortals on Earth. His sandals and hat had wings, so that he could fly to places quickly. Hermes was also responsible for making sure souls travelled safely to the underworld after people died. PARENTS Zeus and Mala CHILDREN- Many SACRED SYMBOLS CROCUS When his companion Crocus was killed, Hermes turned him into a crocus flower. TORTOISE Hermes made the first ever lyre, a stringed instrument, from the shell of a tortoise. CADUCEUS Hermes always carried this staff, which had a pair of snakes twined around it. TALARIA These were winged sandals that helped Hermes fly through the air. DREAM DELIVERER If the ancient Greeks wished to speak to the gods, they would pray to Hermes before they went to sleep, so that he would bring them messages in their dreams. He was also worshipped by merchants and travellers as the god of journeys

Orion Orion was the son of Euryale, Princess of Crete, and Poseidon, god of the sea. His powerful father had gifted him the ability to walk on water. Orion could stroll across the sea around his island home of Crete as easily as if he were walking on a path. He was also an impressive hunter, chasing animals over land and water. As well as spirited wild goats and quick-footed hares, he could catch slippery fish, big and small. His talent for capturing prey made him a favourite of Artemis, goddess of hunting. The two would often spend all day together running through the forests of Crete. Orion and Artemis thought their time together would never end. However, Orion became arrogant. One day, as he and Artemis stalked a hare, he boasted, "I bet I could catch and kill any animal that lives on the land" Artemis simply laughed. Unfortunately for Orion, Artemis was not the only goddess to hear his claim. Gaia, goddess of the Earth, had been listening. His bragging outraged her She decided to conjure up a cruel test for Orion From the dirt around his feet, she created the glinting black body of a huge scorpion. * Gaia breathed life into the creature, which scuttled towards Orion. When Orion saw the terrible monster, The quickly drew his bow. He fired arrow after arrow, but they simply bounced off the creature's body. Its hard, armour-like shell could not be pierced. It snapped at Orion with its claws, driving him back. Finally, the scorpion jabbed at him with its venomous sting and Orion dropped down dead. Artemis fell to the forest floor weeping. The goddess called to her father, Zeus, for help, but he could not bring Orion back to life. Instead, he sent the young man's soul up into the heavens. There, split into tiny pieces that hung in the sky as stars so that no one would ever forget him. It is the constellation, Orion.

HADES GOD OF THE UNDERWORLD Hades was the eldest son of Kronos and Rhea. He was married to Persephone, who ruled at his side in the underworld. Although Hades kept the underworld running smoothly, he was not responsible for judging or punishing the dead. He did make sure no one left, though. PARENTS Kronos and Rhea CHILDREN: Many SACRED SYMBOLS CYPRESS TREE Hades was associated with the cypress tree, es it was the tree of mourning NARCISSUS The narcissus was the flower cdιαι Persephone had stopped to pick when Hades first saw her. KEY The gates to the underworld were locked with a golden key CAP OF INVISIBILTY Hades heimet mode the wearer invisible. It was given to him by the Cyclopes UNDERGROUND PRAYERS Since Hades lived beneath the earth and could not easily see what was going on in the world above, his worshippers would thump their fists on the ground and cry out when they wanted to be heard by him.

DIONYSUS GOD OF WINE Dionysus was one of the youngest Olympian gods. He was married to the mortal woman Ariadne, whom he took from Theseus when they were - sailing back from killing the Minotaur, Always fond of a celebration, he was responsible for parties and theatre as well as being the god of wine PARENTS: Zeus and Semele CHILDREN Mony SACRED SYMBOLS THEATRE Theatre was invented in order to be performed in honour of Dionysus BULL The bull was Dionysus favoured animal and he often had bull's horns GRAPES Grapes are used to make wine Dionysus was often seen with vines or a wine cup IVY Dionysus' mother, Semele, strung ivy in her hair when she was pregnant WOMEN WORSHIPPERS Dionysus' most dedicated followers were known as maenads. These were women who dedicated themselves to the worship of Dionysus through drinking and dancing. In some tales, they descended into madness during their celebrations.

When Persephone did not return home, Derurter was struck with fear She searched all over the world but couldn't find Persephone anywhere Eventually, she were to speak to Helios, the Sun god, who saw everything that happened on Earth. "Have you seen my daughter? she asked, and he told her what had happened. Demeter was so overcome by sadness that she gave up caring for the Earth and making sure that plants grew, Soon, crops across the land began to die and the humans could not understand why. Zeus saw what was happening and called on Demeter to explain. "Hades has kidnapped my daughter," Demeter told Zeus. "I won't make anything grow until she is returned" Zeus did not want the humans to starve - without them, who would give sacrifices to the gods? "I will try to bring Persephone back to you," he promised Demeter "but she cannot leave if she has eaten any food in the underworld. This is the law mode by the Fates at the beginning of time, and it cannot be changed" Persephone knew the law too, and had resisted touching the food in Hades' palace. By now, though, she had been in the underworld for a long time and hunger gnawed at her belly. When Persephone saw a pomegranate sitting in a bowl, it looked so delicious that she could not resist. Persephone ate just seven of the fruit's seeds, but it was seven too many. "Hah! Now you'll have to stay with me forever!" laughed Hades. However, Zeus knew that he had to find a compromise - he could not let Demeter go on causing crops to wither He decided that since Persephone had eaten so little, she would only have to spend six months of the year in the underworld. The other six months she could return to her mother. This is how the seasons began. Demeter's sadness at Persephone's absence caused plants to die in autumn, but they regrew at her joy on her daughter's return in spring.

Persephone was the daughter of proud Zeus, king of the gods, and kind Demeter, goddess of the harvest. She was a gentle girl, who lived with her mother on the island of Sicily. There, she helped Demeter to tend the Earth and make plants grow. However, Sicily was also home to the great volcano, Mount Etna. One afternoon, when Persephone was out walking in the countryside, the volcano began to rumble. Smoke streamed from its crater and powerful tremors caused the ground to crack wide open. Persephone stumbled back from the fracture in the ground in surprise. Hades saw what was happening from the underworld and raced to the surface in his chariot to inspect the fracture. "I must seal this new entrance to my kingdom," he thought, "but wait... who is that?" When he caught sight of the lovely Persephone, Hades fell in love instantly. "She must be my wife!" he decided. Seizing his chance, Hades rode by Persephone and pulled her into the chariot beside him. They went back through the opening, and the earth closed behind them. On the ground, it was as if nothing had happened.

DEMETER GODDESS OF THE HARVEST 5 Demeter was responsible for making sure the crops grew and that the land was fertile. She preferred to live on Earth with her daughter, Persephone, than an Mount Olympus with the other gods, including Zeus, Persephone's father. When she was unhappy, plants would wither and die. PARENTY Krones and thea CHILDREN Persephine and many more SACRED SYMBOLS 3 CORNUCOPIA This was a large yours thorn that provided is mains supply of fond TORCH Demeter was often shown with two fiery crossed torches 3 SNAKE Demeter's chariot was drown by two massive snakes. WHEAT This crop was grown to make flour and bread Demeter aften held an ear of wheat SECRET CEREMONY Demater and Persephone were worshipped in a secret ceremony called the Eleusinian Mysteries. This event was held in the city of Eleusis and the only people who knew whist was involved were those who made it through a series of tasks.

POSEIDON GOD OF THE SEA Poseidon was the middle brother, between Hades and Zeus. He was married to the nymph Amphitrite, who was responsible for helping him keep the sea calm. Together, they had one son, Triton, who was the first merman a man with the tail of a fish. PARENTS: Kronos and Rhea CHILDREN Bellerophon, Orion, Pegasus, Pelias, Polyphemus, Triton, and many more SACRED SYMBOLS HORSE Poseidon was god of horses and he often disguised himself as ane TRIDENT This was a three-pronged spear Poseidon used tu wield his power Ed DOLPHIN As god of the sea, Poseidon was often accompanied by one or more dolphins. EARTHQUAKE Poseidon could couse earthquakes by hitting the ground with his trident. STORMBRINGER Since Poseidon ruled over the sea, sailors prayed to him for protection, sometimes drowning animals as sacrifices. The ancient Greeks thought that he could whip up storms by wielding his trident

Hermes and the Lyre Main was an ocean nymph, daughter of the Titans Atlas and Pleione Together, she and Zeus had a son called Hermes. Hermes was a particularly mischievous child. In fact, he grew up to be the god of tricksters. One day, he escaped from Maia and decided to steal a herd of prized cows from his half- brother, the god Apollo. So that Apollo could not find the cows, Hermes cast a spell on them so that they could only walk backwards, When Apollo found his field empty of cattle, he went to look at their hoofprints but he could not figure out where they had gone. The prints led into the field, but his cows were nowhere to be seen. While Apollo was puzzling over his missing cattle, Hermes had sacrificed one of the cows to the older gods and cut up its body into pieces. When he was lonking at its intestines, he was struck by an ingenious idea Hermes cut up the intestines and then locisted a tortoiseshell. He strung the guts across it and plucked them as strings Clear notes rang out! Hermes had crafted the first lyre. Eventually, Apollo discovered Hermes with his cows. He was furious. "How dare you kill one of my prize cows!" Apollo roared. Thinking quickly, Hermes held up the lyre he had made. "I'm sorry, Apollo," Hermes said. "Please take this instrument in return for your cow." When Apollo played the lyre, the sound it produced was so beautiful the flowers and trees swayed along to the music. Apollo felt this gift was a fair trade for his cow, and he forgave Hermes. From that day on, Apollo was rarely without his tuneful lyre.

The Birth of Dionysus Semele was a priestess at a temple dedicated to Zeus. One day, after she had sacrificed a bull to the god, she went out swimming to wash off the blood. Zeus happened to be flying overhead in the shape of an eagle and when he spotted Semele, he immediately fell madly in love. He changed into a mortal shape to speak to her. Semele was very pleased to have the attention of the god she had worshipped for so many years. When Semele learned she was pregnant with Zeus's child, she was overjoyed, as was Zeus. "Dearest Semele," he said, "I love you so much. I swear on the River Styx that you can ask me for anything and I will give it to you." I want you to perform the same display that you did fot Here at your wedding," Semele requested, "and show me how what would happen to Semele if he did what she asked, but you look in your godly form. Zeus was dismayed, as he knew bound by the oath he had made, he agreed. The next night, Zeus appeared to Semele riding in an ornate chariot, surrounded by clouds of crashing thunder and flashes of blinding lightning. The violent noises startled Semele and when she gazed upon Zeus approaching in all his shining glory, the sight was so terrifying that instantly she died of fright. Although Zeus was unable to save Semele, he did manage to rescue the baby from her body. The tiny boy was not yet ready to be born, however, so Zeus sewed him into a cut that he made in his thigh. When the infant was ready, Zeus removed him from his leg and named him Dionysus. A new god was born.

Nymphs: Nymphs are female beings who represent nature and fertility. There are several kinds of nymphs, such as wood nymphs (dryads), water nymphs (naiads) and mountain nymphs (oreads). Satyrs: Satyrs are horned, goat-legged male beings who represent lust and partying. They are known for their love of wine and music. Silvans: Silvans are male beings who represent nature and hunting. They are known for their ability to communicate with animals. Hamadryads: Hamadryads are nymphs that are attached to a specific tree and die when the tree dies. Dryads: Dryads are forest nymphs that are bound to a specific tree and can transform into trees. Oreads: The Oreads are mountain nymphs who represent hunting and nature. Naiads: Naiads are water nymphs who represent fertility and beauty. Lemonades: Lemonades are water nymphs that represent spring and renewal. Hesperides: The Hesperides are nymphs from the garden of the golden apples that represent beauty and youth. Muses: Muses are nymphs who represent the arts and inspiration. They are known for their role in the creation of music, poetry, and dance.

The Birth of Athena Zeus free his siblings from the stomach of his Metis, the goddess of advice, had helped father, Kronos. She was also very beautiful and Zeus had fallen in love with her. However, Metis did not feel the same way about Zeus. She tried to avoid him by transforming into various different animals - first a bird, then a lion, then a deer, and so on. Eventually, Zeus caught up with her when she was in her human form, however Soon Metis fell pregnant. made a Meanwhile, Gaia, goddess of the Earth, had prophecy that any son born to Metis would one day overthrow Zeus, just as he had overthrown Kronos before him. This worried Zeus. Inspired by his father, Zeus decided to swallow Metis whole, along with their unborn baby. "This way," Zeus thought smugly, "Gaia's prophecy can't possibly come true." d Nine months later, however, Zeus was struck b a headache so strong that it felt as if the Cyclopes themselves were hammering at his skull. Unsure of what to do, Zeus went to the Titan Prometheus, who had a reputation for being smart Please help me Prometheus," Zeus begged, "I can't stand this pain Prometheus realized what was going on at once, and fetched a heavy metal axe Without warning, Prometheus smacked Zeus across the forehead with the que. Although the blow did not kill Zeus, for he was immortal, a crack opened in his head and out burst the goddess Athena. She was already grown and dressed in full armour. Athena was the child that Metis had been carrying all along. Zeus was relieved to see that she was a woman, and not the son Gaia said would overthrow him. In fact, from that day on, Athena was always her father's favourite because he saw himself as having given birth to her alone. He chose to ignore the small detail that he had swallowed her mother.

Once zeus took the throne on Mount Olympus, Zeus married his sister Hera. Together, they had many children, including Ares, the god of war. However, even though Zeus was married to Hera he continued to fall in love with other goddesses and mortal women, and he fathered many more children. Some of these children were born as gods too and this made Hera extremely jealous. In her anger, Hera often punished the women Zeus loved, whomever they were. Leto was goddess of motherhood and Zeus thought she was very beautiful. They fell in love and Leto became pregnant with twins. When Hera discovered Leto was pregnant she was furious. Terrified of what Hera might do, Leto fled and tried to find a new home where Hera would not find her However, nobody would take her in, out of fear of Hera The only place that Leto was able to find safety was on the floating island of Delos. The island had never settled in one place. Instead, it drifted over the blue waves of the Aegean Sea. However, when Leto set foot on Delos, the island stood still. Four huge columns appeared that anchored it to the seabed. There, Leto first gave birth to a daughter, whom she called Artemis. For nine long days, Leto struggled to give birth to her second child. In the end, Artemis-who had grown quickly - helped her mother deliver the baby, named Apollo. Both Artemis and Apollo were gods. Artemis became the goddess of hunting and Apollo the god of music. Eventually, Hera forgot her anger towards Leto and they all went to live on Mount Olympus

ZEUS KING OF THE GODS Zeus was the youngest of his siblings but alsa the most powerful. He became king of the gods after overthrowing his father, Kronos. With his wife, Hera, Zeus ruled the heavens from Mount Olympus. He threw powerful thunderbolts at anyone who angered him. IMRENTS Kronos and Rhea CHILDREN, Apollo, Ares, Artemis, Athena, Dionyлия, Helen, Herakles, Hermes, Minos, Persephone, Perseus, and many more SACRED SYMBOLS THUNDERBOLT Zeus used thunderbolts as weapons to punish those who offended him. EAGLE Zeus was always accompanied by his eagle servant AEGIS The aegis was a shield made by Hephaestus. It had the face of Medusa on it. OAK TREE The oak was Zeus's sacred tree, and he could speak to his worshippers from oak trees. JUDGE AND JURY Zeus enforced the law among the gods, and the ancient Greeks often made promises in front of statues of him. In Olympia, where the Olympic Games were first held, athletes swore an oath Co Zeus that they would not cheat.

HERA QUEEN OF THE GODS Hera was the eldest child of Rhea and Kronos She married her brother Zeus and became queen of the gods, ruling with him on Mount Olympus. Hera was extremely jealous of any other god or human that Zeus loved, and she often punished them horribly PARENTS: Kranos and Rhea CHILDREN, Ares, Hephaestus, and many more SACRED SYMBOLS LOTUS Hera often carried a staff with a lotus flower on the end. CROWN As queen of the Olympian gods, Hera always ware e crown COW Hera turned the mortol lo into a cow out of jealousy when lo had children with Zeus PEACOCK Hera made peacocks when her servant Argos died, and she moved his hundred eyes to the bird's feathers. PROTECTOR OF WOMEN As Zeus's wife and queen of the gods, Hera was worshipped as the goddess of marriage and family. Women in particular would pray to Hera in temples and at home, asking for her blessing on their marriage

HELIOS AND PHAËTHON Helios rode his chariot across the sky each day, pulling the burning Sun behind him. Now, Helios had a young son called Phaëthon, but Phaëthon refused to believe that he was the son of a god. One day he demanded of Helios: "If you really are my father, then let me drive your chariot today." Helios doubted that Phaëthon would be able to command the wilful horses, but he could not say no to his son. He placed the boy in the chariot and handed him the reins. Sure enough, Phaëthon quickly lost control and began to career across the sky, threatening to burn the Earth. Zeus, who was watching from Mount Olympus, knew he had to act to save the world. He threw one of his thunderbolts and struck the boy, stopping the chariot, but killing Phaëthon.

EOS FALLS IN LOVE Every morning, Eos created the dawn and opened the gates of Olympus, so Helios could ride his sun chariot out into the sky. From the gates, Eos looked down on the Earth, and the kingdom of Troy in particular, where the prince Tithonos lived. Eos was in love with Tithonos. One day, she decided to travel down to Troy to meet him. Tithonos fell in love with Eos too, so they married. However, Tithonos was a mortal, which meant he would die one day. Determined to never be parted from him, Eos went to Zeus. "Please, Zeus, grant Tithonos immortality," she begged. Zeus did as Eos asked, but she had forgotten an important part - to ask for Tithonos to have eternal youth. So, although he lived forever, he continued to age, growing ever older and weaker.

Helios and Selene were brother and sister, the god of the sun and the goddess of the moon. Eos was the goddess of Dawn, who turned the sky rosy each morning.

Zeus, Hades, and Poseidon The new generation of gods made their home on top of the tallest mountain in Greece - Mount Olympus. Now that the Olympian gods were in charge, the time had come to divide up the world and decide who would rule its different parts. Although Zeus had led the fight against Kronos, he decided that it would be fair to share control over the Earth with his elder brothers, Hades and Poseidon. He gathered them together on Olympus. Zeus, Poseidon, and Hades decided to draw lots to see who would rule which part of the world. Three pebbles of different colours were selected, each one representing a different place. He who chose the white pebble would be king of the gods, he who chose the grey pebble would be god of the oceans, and he who chose the black pebble would be god of the underworld. The three pebbles were shaken in a helmet and Zeus was the first to choose. He closed his eyes and drew out the white pebble, so he got to rule over the heavens from the throne on Mount Olympus. Zeus became the most powerful of all the gods as their king. Poseidon was next and he drew out the grey pebble. This meant that he would rule the vast sparkling seas that covered the Earth's surface and have control over all of the creatures that lived in them. Hades was the last brother to choose, and he was left with the black pebble. The only part of the world that was left was the underworld deep below the ground, where the souls of men and women were sent after death. Every role was an important one, however, and each god accepted his new kingdom graciously.

Zeus took his grandmother's advice and went down into the depths of the Earth to find his colossal relatives. They wes guarded by the horrific monster Kampe, who had the head of a woman and the body of a deadly scorpion. Zeus darted th way and that to avoid Kampe's stinging tail. Finally, he lungra forwards with his sword and CRUNCH! He pierced Kampe's tough shell, and the beast fell to the ground. Thanks to Zeus, the Hecatoncheires and Cyclopes were free at last. The Cyclopes, who were skilled in craftsmanship, were so grateful that they made gifts for Zeus and his brothers To Hades, they gave a helmet of invisibility so he could sneak around unseen and to Poseidon they gave a trident that could make the ground shake beneath him. As for Zeus himself, he was given thunderbolts to use as weapons. Armed with their gifts from the Cyclopes, and joined by the one-hundred- handed Hecatoncheires, Zeus and the young gods launched a final attack on Kronos and the other Titans. Swords clashed and thunderbolts flew, but eventually Zeus emerged triumphant. Kronos and the Titans were defeated. To stop them from attacking the gods again, Zeus imprisoned them in the underworld. He commanded the Hecatoncheires to guard them to make sure that they never escaped. Some of the Titans' children had joined their parents in opposing Zeus, including Atlas, who had led many of the Titan warriors. As a punishment, Zeus made him bear the weight of the heavens on his shoulders for the rest of time to keep them from falling down to Earth. Meanwhile, those Titans who had fought on the side of Zeus were honoured. The Titaness Styx had battled bravely, so Zeus commanded that all oaths made by the gods would be sworn on her name. From then on, she could punish any god who broke their promise. Now the Titans were locked up deep underground, Zeus and the younger gods were the new rulers of the Universe

Zeus was angri at Krono's, his father. Kronos had swallowed Zeus's siblings anf tried to keep them prisoner inside his stomach, so Zeus decided to challenge Krono's for control of the universe. Kronos was not alone, however. most of the Titan, Krono's brothers and sisters, sided with him because they did not wish to be ruled by a younger god. Zeus's siblings also wanted revenge on Krono's, though. they were grateful to Zeus for rescuing them form Krono's belly and they joined him to wage war against the titans. both the titans and the new gods where incredibly powerful. However, the two sides were evenly matched in strength. they fought got ten years and still there was no end in sight. it was Gaia who gave her grandson Zeus a way to win the war. "set my younger children free from their prison." she said. " the Cyclops and hecatoncheries remember how their brother Krono's betrayed them. they will join you in battle and help you defeat him."

When Rhea became pregnant with her sixth child, she decided to try to protect her baby from Kronos. she travelled to Crete, to give birth far away from her husband, and asked her mother, Gaia, for help. Gaia assisted Rhea in delivering the boy and then hid him in a cave. When Kronos learned that Rhea had bought a son into the world, he went to find her and demanded, "Give me the boy!." "Here you are," said Rhea. However, instead of giving Kronos his son to swallow, Rhea handed him a rock wrapped in a blanket. it did not even occur to Kronos to check what was inside.

Kronos swallow the thickly swaddled rock without a second thought.

Rhea's youngest son was safe, and she named him Zeus. Since Kronos believed he had swallowed all six of his children, Zeus was Abel to grow up in peace. Rhea entrusted Zeus to the care care of Gaia, who looked after him untill he reached adulthood. When Zeus was fully grown, he decided to try and free his brother's and sister's. he approached Metis, goddess of advice. "Can to help me free my siblings from the stomach of Kronos?" Zeus asked. "I can brew you a potion for you that will make Kronos sick, if you can slip it into his drink," Metis offered.

Zeus took the potion from Metis, and set about planning how to trick his father into drinking it.

With the help of his mother, Rhea, Zeus sneaked into Krono's palace dressed as the cupbearer Who severed drinks to the gods. Never having seen his youngest son, Krono's did not recognise Zeus. he happily drank the wine Zeus poured for him, unaware that it had been mixed with Metis potion. After only a few sips, Kronos turned pale. his stomach churned and his head began to spin, Than "BLEURGH!" Kronos vomited up the swaddled stone, quickly followed by Poseidon, Hades, hera, Demeter, and Hestia, now fully grown. Zeus had freed them at last form their Gruesome prison.

These are important sites for the plot or exploration. Delphi is a place where characters seek guidance or prophecies, while Olympus is a place of great power or a divine realm that characters must visit or interact with the gods. Delphi: A sacred place and an important oracular center in ancient Greece. It was located at the foot of Mount Parnassus and was famous for the Oracle of Delphi, a priestess who was believed to be possessed by the god Apollo and gave prophecies and advice to those who consulted her. Olympus: The home of the gods in Greek mythology. It was believed to be located on a very high mountain and was the place where the main gods and goddesses resided, such as Zeus, Poseidon, Hades, Hera, Demeter, Athena, Apollo, Artemis, Ares, Dionysus and Hephaestus. Olympus was considered a sacred place and was held in great reverence in ancient Greece.

The twelve main gods of the Greek pantheon, along with their roles and responsibilities: Zeus: God of the sky and thunder, king of the gods. Poseidon: God of the sea and earthquakes. Hades: God of the underworld and the dead. Hera: Goddess of motherhood, marriage and family, queen of the gods. Demeter: Goddess of agriculture and harvest. Athena: Goddess of wisdom, war and crafts. Apollo: God of the sun, music, poetry and prophecy. Artemis: Goddess of hunting, nature and fertility. Ares: God of war and violence. Dionysus: God of wine, partying and ecstasy. Hephaestus: God of fire, forging and crafts. Aphrodite: Goddess of love, beauty and desire

Some known minor gods of Greek mythology: Hestia: Goddess of home and family. Persephone: Queen of the underworld and wife of Hades. Hades (also known as Pluto): God of the underworld and the dead. Gaia: Goddess of the earth. Uranus: God of the sky. Cronos: God of time and father of Zeus. Rhea: Mother of Zeus, Poseidon, Hades, Hestia, Demeter and Hera. Helios: God of the sun. Selene: Goddess of the moon. Aeolus: God of the winds. Pan: God of shepherds and flocks. Hygieia: Goddess of health and cleanliness. Asclepius: God of medicine. Tyche: Goddess of fortune and destiny. Nemesis: Goddess of revenge and punishment

Once Kronos had defeated his Father, Ouranos, he became the King of the gods. He took his Titan sister Rhea to be his wife and queen

Firstly, to honour his promise to his mother, Gaia, he sent his brother Oceanos to release their gigantic siblings, the hecatoncheries and the Cyclops, from inside Gaia, where they were bought to him, however, Kronos was threatened by their Power and immediately sent them back. this infuriated Gaia, who cursed him: "Kronos, one day your own child will overthrow you, just as you overthrew your father."

Kronos was afraid of his mother's curse, so he decided to get rid of hid children when they where babies.

Kronos and Rhea had six children. first Rhea gave birth to three daughters — Hestia, Demeter, and Hera — and than two sons — Hades and Poseidon. One by One, as soon as they were born, Kronos took them from his wife and swallowed them whole. As immortal beings, they could not be killed, but all five children were trapped inside their father's stomach, unable to escape. Kronos was pleased with himself. "there's no way that mother's curse can come true now," he thought.

Unknown to Ouranos, Geia had been harbouring a great deal of anger towards him for banishing their children, the hecatoncheries and the Cyclops.

"Ouranos Power has gone to his head," Gaia thought. "something needs to be done about it." She could not defeat Ouranos alone Because he could use his weight to overpower her. instead, she went to her bravest son for help. This was the Titan named Kronos.

Geia sharpened a piece of rock and used it to create a jagged-edged sickle, Which she took to Kronos. "My son," she said, "take this sickle and wait until your father, Ouranos, comes to visit me. Hide nearby and when his back is turned, Strike him!" Kronos excited to have his father to have his father's Power, grabbed it. As Gaia had asked, Kronos waited untill Ouranos appeared. Ouranos did not notice his son lying in wait. When Ouranos turned away, Kronos jumped out at his father and cut him with the sickle. ""AHHH"" Ouranos screamed, but he could do nothing to fight back as he was in so much pain. from his wound spilled into the sea and onto the ground. the blood that had fallen into the waves mixed with the salty water and began to foam. Gaia and Kronos watched as the foam rose a giant scallop shell, which glided to the shore, the scallop shell opened to reveal a beautiful Woman - this was Aphrodite, the goddess of love.

Meanwhile, the blood that had landed on the ground had given rise to three terrifying winged woman. their names were Megaera, Tisiphone, and Alecto. together, they were known as the furies goddesses of revenge. they would punish men and woman who committed murder by driving them mad. Ouranos fled back to the heavens, and gave up his rule over the Universe to his son, Kronos. Gaia was overjoyed – her other children could now be freed.

Ancient Greece can be divided into several geographical and political regions: Macedonia: In northern Greece, near Mount Olympus. Thessaly: Northeast of Greece, known for its plains and horses. Euboea: An island east of Greece, separated from the mainland by a strait. Boeotia: In southern Greece, known for the city of Thebes and Mount Parnassus. Attica: The region surrounding Athens, Greece's most famous city-state. Peloponnese: A peninsula in southern Greece, including the regions of: Laconia: Southeast of Peloponnese, known for the city of Sparta. Arcadia: In the center of Peloponnese, known for its mountains and forests. Acaia: North of Peloponnese, known for its coast and ports. Crete: The largest island in Greece, south of the Peloponnese. Aegean Islands: A group of islands east of Greece, including Lesbos, Chios and Rhodes.

Ancient Greece can be divided into several geographical and political regions: Macedonia: In northern Greece, near Mount Olympus. Thessaly: Northeast of Greece, known for its plains and horses. Euboea: An island east of Greece, separated from the mainland by a strait. Boeotia: In southern Greece, known for the city of Thebes and Mount Parnassus. Attica: The region surrounding Athens, Greece's most famous city-state. Peloponnese: A peninsula in southern Greece, including the regions of: Laconia: Southeast of Peloponnese, known for the city of Sparta. Arcadia: In the center of Peloponnese, known for its mountains and forests. Acaia: North of Peloponnese, known for its coast and ports. Crete: The largest island in Greece, south of the Peloponnese. Aegean Islands: A group of islands east of Greece, including Lesbos, Chios and Rhodes.

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Greek mythology, harpies are half-human, half-bird monsters known as the "hounds of Zeus". Personifying sudden, violent storm winds, their name translates to "snatchers". They served as divine agents of punishment, stealing food and abducting wrongdoers. Key Characteristics Appearance: They have evolved over time. Early Greek poets described them as beautiful, winged maidens. Later, classical and Roman writers transformed them into grotesque, foul-smelling creatures with the bodies of birds, human female faces, and sharp, predatory talons. Lineage: They were generally the daughters of the sea god Thaumas and the Oceanid Electra, making them sisters to the messenger goddess Iris. Powers: They possessed incredible swiftness, moving faster than the wind and capable of snatching things directly off the earth.

Geia and Ouranos ruled as queen and king of the universe. At First they were happy, and soon they had many children. Geia gave birth to Twelve giants, who Looked like huge men and woman. These were the Titans. They lived on Earth and had many children of their own. However, next Geia had the three Cyclopes, each with one eye in the centre of their head, and three hecatoncheries, who had fifty heads and one hundred hands each. Ouranos was disgusted: "My offspring are monsters!" he cried. Ouranos pushed the Cyclops and the hecatoncheries back into Geia, so he would not have to look at them. This caused Gaia terribly pain. Gaia was upset because Ouranos did not live all his offspring. she would never forgive him for how he treated them.

Life began with Chaos. This was the great chasm that was the Universe. Chaos appeared with a massive yawn, and suddenly everything else became into being. The first and most powerful of all gods to spring from Chaos was Gaia – the Earth. Alone, she created the spiralling mountains where the rest of the gods would eventually live, as well as the sparkling sea, which lay over the land. She also made the god Ouranos, Or the heavens, to rest above her. Next to appear from Chaos after Gaia was Tartarus, the underworld, and Eros, or love. Finally, Chaos created Erbos, or darkness, and Nyx, the night. together, Erbos and Nyx created Aether, or brightness, and Hemera the day. these were the first Gods.