∆|Ancient Egypt|∆

Amat is a monster that devours sinners who have not passed the test of the judgment of Osiris. Amun is the god of air and sun. Anubis is a god, guardian of necropolises, creator of embalming. Aton - for a short moment declared the main god. Bastet is the goddess of joy, love, and home. Horus is a god, son of Isis, god of the sky and the sun. Isis is the goddess of fate, magic and medicine. Maat, the goddess of world order, plays a major role in the court of Osiris. Osiris is the god of fertility and the underworld. Ra is the god of all that exists, the lord of infinity. Set is the god of sandstorms, war and protector of Egypt. Sekhmet is the goddess of war, heat and scorching heat. Thoth is the god of knowledge and the moon. Horus is the god of the sky and royal power. Nephthys is the goddess of birth and death.

Field surveying and construction technologies made it possible to organize the collective construction of monumental structures. The coercive and organizing force in Ancient Egypt was a well-developed state apparatus, consisting of priests, scribes, and administrators, headed by the pharaoh, who was often deified in a complex system of religious beliefs with a developed cult of funerary rites. Ancient Egypt left a vast cultural legacy for world civilization; its works of art were exported to various corners of the world even in antiquity and widely copied by artists from other countries. Distinctive architectural forms—majestic pyramids, temples, palaces, and obelisks—inspired the imagination of travelers and explorers for centuries. Egyptian artisans created beautiful murals and statues, mastered glass and faience production techniques, and poets and writers created new forms of literature. The scientific achievements of the ancient Egyptians included the creation of an original writing system, mathematics, practical medicine, astronomical observations, and the calendar that developed from them. Interest in monuments, artifacts, and archaeological excavations in Ancient Egypt, which arose at the turn of the 18th and 19th centuries, led to the creation of the science of Egyptology and the emergence of artistic movements (Egyptomania, Egyptianizing style). Ancient Egyptian art can be described as monumental art, primarily serving religious purposes. Its distinctive feature is that most works were created for the dead. Ancient Egyptian craftsmen were skilled in the use of stone, metal, wood, and glass. Along with Sumerian literature, Egyptian literature is considered the world's first literature. By the Old Kingdom (26th-22nd centuries BC), literary works included funerary texts, epistles and letters, religious hymns, poems, and memorable autobiographical texts recounting the careers of prominent nobles. At the beginning of the Middle Kingdom

Ancient Egypt (from the ancient Greek Αἴγυπτος and Latin Aegyptus) is the name of the historical region and culture of a significant civilization of the Ancient World that existed in northeastern Africa along the lower reaches of the Nile River. The ancient Egyptians themselves called their country Ta-Kemet[1][2] (translit. Egyptian tꜣ-kmt), Ta-meri (tꜣ-mrj), Ta-ui (tꜣwj); and the Copts - Kemi (Coptic: Ⲭⲏⲙⲓ). The history of Ancient Egypt spans approximately 40 centuries and is divided by researchers into the predynastic period (refers to the end of the prehistoric period, a brief overview of which is also provided in the article), the dynastic period (the main stage of the existence of Egyptian civilization, lasting approximately 27 centuries), the Hellenistic period (synthesis with the Greco-Macedonian culture under the rule of the Ptolemaic dynasty), and the Roman period (as part of the ancient Roman state, as one of the most important provinces of the Roman Empire). The time boundaries of the existence of ancient Egyptian culture, accepted by researchers, cover the period from the middle of the 4th millennium BC to the 4th century AD. The Byzantine-Coptic period (as part of Byzantium), although already related to the early Middle Ages, is also sometimes considered within the framework of the study of Ancient Egypt. The time boundaries begin in the 4th century and end with the Arab conquest in the 7th century.

The rise of ancient Egyptian civilization was largely due to its ability to adapt to the conditions of the Nile River valley and delta. Regular annual floods, fertilizing the soil with fertile silt, and the development of an irrigation system allowed for the production of grain in surplus quantities, which supported social and cultural development. The concentration of human and material resources in the hands of the administration facilitated the creation and maintenance of a complex network of canals, the emergence of a regular army, and the expansion of trade, along with the gradual development of mining.