Nikolay 2

Nicholas II Alexandrovich (6 [18] May 1868 [note 1], Tsarskoye Selo - 17 July 1918, Yekaterinburg [2]) - the last Emperor of All the Russias, Tsar of Poland and Grand Duke of Finland (20 October [1 November] 1894 - 2 [15] March 1917) from the Romanov dynasty, the eldest son of Alexander III. Colonel of the Guard (1892); In addition, he held the ranks of Admiral of the Fleet of the Royal Navy of Great Britain (28 May [10 June] 1908[3][4]) and Field Marshal of the British Army (18 [31] December 1915[note 2]) from the British monarchs. Manifesto of 17 October 1905: Under pressure from the revolution, Nicholas II was forced to sign a manifesto that granted basic civil liberties and established the first parliament, the State Duma. Wars: Foreign policy turned out to be dramatic: defeat in the Russo-Japanese War (1904–1905) led to the first wave of crises. In 1914, Russia entered World War I. Nicholas II (1868–1918) — the last Russian Emperor (1894–1917) from the Romanov dynasty.