Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin

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Joseph Dzhugashvili was born in 1878 to a poor Georgian family in the Russian Empire. From 1895 to 1899, he studied Orthodox theology at the Tiflis Theological Seminary, but was expelled for revolutionary propaganda, having become fascinated with Marxism while there. He was subjected to numerous periods of political exile from 1899 to 1912.

In 1912, at the suggestion of V. I. Lenin, he was included in the Central Committee of the RSDLP. It was then that Joseph Dzhugashvili finally chose the pseudonym "Stalin" for himself. During the October Revolution, he was elected a member of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee and the Council of People's Commissars by the Second All-Russian Congress of Soviets. He also held the following positions: from November 1917 to July 1923 - People's Commissar for Nationalities of the RSFSR; from March 1919 to February 1920 - People's Commissar of State Control of the RSFSR, from February 1920 to April 1922 - People's Commissar of the Workers' and Peasants' Inspection of the RSFSR; from February 1946 to March 1947 - People's Commissar / Minister of the Armed Forces of the USSR. In 1922, at the Plenum of the Central Committee of the RCP(b), he was elected a member of the Organizational Bureau and Politburo of the Central Committee of the RCP(b), as well as General Secretary of the Central Committee of the RCP(b) (while Lenin held the post of Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR). In 1930, Stalin finally emerged victorious from the intra-party struggle, becoming the de facto leader of the state.

Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin (birth name Dzhugashvili, Georgian: იოსებ ჯუღაშვილი; December 6 [18], 1878, Gori, Tiflis Governorate, Russian Empire – March 5, 1953, Blizhnyaya Dacha, Volynskoye village, Kuntsevo District, Moscow Oblast, RSFSR, USSR) was a Russian revolutionary, Bolshevik Party leader, one of the founders and long-term de facto leader of the Soviet Union[8][9], and one of the most famous and influential figures of the 20th century. General Secretary of the Central Committee of the RCP(b) - All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks) (1922-1934), Secretary of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks) - CPSU (1934-1953), People's Commissar of Defense of the USSR (1941-1946), Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR and the Council of Ministers of the USSR (1941-1953), Chairman of the State Defense Committee of the USSR (1941-1945). Marshal of the Soviet Union (1943)[10], Generalissimo of the Soviet Union (1945)[11].

He was married twice: First wife (since 1904) - Ekaterina Svanidze (1885-1907). In this marriage, a son was born - Yakov Dzhugashvili (1907-1943). His second wife (since 1919) was Nadezhda Alliluyeva (1901–1932). This marriage produced a son, Vasily Stalin (1921–1962), and a daughter, Svetlana Alliluyeva (1926–2011).

In 1922 he was elected General Secretary of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks). By the end of the 1920s, he had concentrated all party and state power in his hands. Under his leadership, a course was taken towards a radical restructuring of life in the country: industrialization, collectivization, and the creation of a “socialist” culture. During the Great Patriotic War: Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR (1941–1946), People's Commissar of Defense of the USSR (1941–1946), Chairman of the State Defense Committee of the USSR (1941–1945) and Supreme Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of the USSR (1941–1947).

He was born on December 6 (18), 1878 in the Georgian city of Gori into the family of a shoemaker. In 1894 he graduated from the Gori Theological School, then studied at the Tiflis Theological Seminary, from where he was expelled for revolutionary activities in 1899. Since 1901 he has been a professional revolutionary, and it was then that the party nickname “Stalin” (for those closest to him – “Koba”) was assigned to him.